Biosynthesis of CaO nanorods and evaluation of their activity as anticancer, antioxidant and antibacterial agents

• Published in: Results in Chemistry Vol. 6; p. 101196
• Main Authors: Adnan, Wafaa Ghassan, Mohammed, Ahmed Mishaal
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier 01.12.2023
• Subjects: Biosynthesis; Cancer; CaONRs; Nanomaterials; Oxidant
• ISSN: 2211-7156; 2211-7156
• DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2023.101196

The unique catalytic and biological properties of CaO nanorods (CaONRs) are greatly influenced by their surface morphology. In this study, CaONRs were synthesised with lemon juice through a green chemistry method. The characteristics of 35–57 nm CaONRs were investigated using transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, UV–Visible spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared. The antibacterial activity of the green synthesised nanorods was evaluated against two different bacterial strains, Streptococcus mutans and Escherichia coli. The anticancer activity of these nanorods against the A549 lung cancer cell line was also determined. In addition, antioxidant activity was investigated in the ascorbic acid system. The results demonstrated that the green synthesised CaONRs exhibited superior antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria within an inhibition range of 21 and 22 mm compared to tetracycline 4 ± 0.25 mm and 10 ± 0.3 mm respectively. The cytotoxicity of CaONRs shows high cytotoxicity values at concentrations of 50 µg/mL and 100 µg/mL compared to cis-platin. The results show there is no significant influence of CaONRs in 100 µg/mL of the BEAS-2B cell line, while 104.7 μg/mL of CaONRs as antioxidant agents increased the cytostatic capacity 52.5 %. Our results suggested that green-synthesised CaONRs could be promising candidates for future biomedical applications.