Bioinspired synthesis and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles and assessment of their cytotoxicity and antimicrobial efficacy

• Published in: Discover applied sciences Vol. 6; no. 3; p. 85
• Main Authors: Acharya, Rajeev, Tettey, Felix, Gupta, Aakash, Sharma, Khaga Raj, Parajuli, Niranjan, Bhattarai, Narayan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cham Springer International Publishing 21.02.2024; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Acacia catechu; Antibacterial activity; Antiinfectives and antibacterials; Applied and Technical Physics; Artemisia vulgaris; Biocompatibility; Biomedical materials; Cancer; Cancer therapies; Carbohydrates; Catechu; Cell death; Cell division; Cell viability; Chemistry/Food Science; Crystallites; Crystals; Cynodon dactylon; Cytotoxicity; Drug delivery; Earth Sciences; Engineering; Environment; Environmental cleanup; Flavonoids; Fourier transforms; Infrared spectroscopy; Klebsiella; Leaves; Materials Science; Metabolites; Microorganisms; Nanoparticles; Nanotechnology; Phytochemicals; Plant extracts; Polyphenols; Radiation; Scanning electron microscopy; Spectrum analysis; Synthesis; Toxicity; Ultraviolet spectra; Visible spectrum; Wurtzite; X-ray diffraction; X-ray spectroscopy; Zinc oxide; Zinc oxides; United States > US; Asia; Germany; Nepal; India; Secondary Metabolites; Cytotoxicity; Natural Products; Zinc oxide nanoparticles
• ISSN: 3004-9261; 2523-3963; 3004-9261; 2523-3971
• DOI: 10.1007/s42452-024-05719-2

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are versatile and promising, with diverse applications in environmental remediation, nanomedicine, cancer treatment, and drug delivery. In this study, ZnO NPs were synthesized utilizing extracts derived from Acacia catechu, Artemisia vulgaris , and Cynodon dactylon . The synthesized ZnO NPs showed an Ultraviolet–visible spectrum at 370 nm, and X-ray diffraction analysis indicated the hexagonal wurtzite framework with the average crystallite size of 15.07 nm, 16.98 nm, and 18.97 nm for nanoparticles synthesized utilizing A. catechu, A. vulgaris, and C. dactylon respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated spherical surface morphology with average diameters of 18.5 nm, 17.82 nm, and 17.83 nm for ZnO NPs prepared from A. catechu, A. vulgaris , and C. dactylon, respectively. Furthermore, ZnO NPs tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Kocuria rhizophila, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Shigella sonnei demonstrated a zone of inhibition of 8 to 14 mm. The cell viability and cytotoxicity effects of ZnO NPs were studied on NIH-3T3 mouse fibroblast cells treated with different concentrations (5 μg/mL, 10 μg/mL, and 50 μg/mL). The results showed biocompatibility of all samples, except with higher doses causing cell death. In conclusion, the ZnO NPs synthesized through plant-mediated technique showed promise for potential utilization in various biomedical applications in the future. Highlights Bioinspired synthesis of ZnO NPs utilizing plant extracts of Acacia catechu, Artemisia vulgaris, and Cynodon dactylon . Characterization of ZnO NPs through Ultraviolet-visible Spectroscopy, Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy. Evaluation of antibacterial effects of ZnO NPs. Cytotoxicity and cell viability assays of nanoparticles.