Landscape characteristics and predation risk influence spatial variation in auditory courtship of an upland game bird

• Published in: Landscape ecology Vol. 38; no. 5; pp. 1221 - 1236
• Main Authors: Wightman, Patrick H., Martin, James A., Kohl, Michel T., Rushton, Emily, Collier, Bret A., Chamberlain, Michael J.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Dordrecht Springer Netherlands 01.05.2023; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Anthropogenic factors; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Courtship; Ecology; Environmental Management; Hearing; Human influences; Hunting; Influence; Land cover; Land use; Landscape Ecology; Landscape/Regional and Urban Planning; Life Sciences; Nature Conservation; Predation; Public access; Risk; Sound transmission; Spatial variations; Sustainable Development; Turkeys; Wildlife; Wild turkey; Coyote; Hunting; Landscape of fear; Predation risk; Acoustic monitoring
• ISSN: 0921-2973; 1572-9761
• DOI: 10.1007/s10980-023-01611-3

Context Numerous wildlife species use a polygynous mating system, where males use auditory courtship behaviors to secure breeding opportunities. The acoustic adaptation hypothesis, risk reward, and landscape of fear theories suggest spatial variation in male auditory courtship will be influenced by areas in landscapes where sound transmission is increased, and predation risk is reduced. However, it is often unclear what landscape features drive spatial variation in courtship behaviors. Objectives We quantified the influence of predation risk, land cover type, and resource selection on spatial trends in the auditory courtship behavior (gobbling activity) of Eastern wild turkeys ( Meleagris gallopavo silvestris ). Methods We used 53,025 gobbles coupled with GPS locations from 111 turkeys and 36 coyotes ( Canis latrans ), and distance metrics associated with hunter activity and land cover type, to investigate influences of predation risk, resource selection, and land cover type on spatial variation in gobbling activity in Georgia, USA. Results Distance to public access during hunting was the most influential predictor of gobbling activity, wherein the expected number of daily gobbles increased by 40% for every 500 m farther from public access. Daily gobbles decreased by 22% for every 500 m farther away from private property during hunting. We failed to find significant effects of land cover type and coyote use but found limited evidence that areas with increased predicted probability of turkey use was associated with increased gobbling. Conclusions Predation risk associated with increased anthropogenic disturbance had the greatest influence on gobbling activity. Our findings suggest that altering hunter access by closing roads to vehicle use, reducing hunter activity, or creating refuge areas on the landscape could positively influence gobbling activity.