A theoretical study on the decomposition of TKX-50 with different vacancy defect concentrations under shock wave loading

• Published in: Energetic materials frontiers Vol. 6; no. 1; pp. 24 - 34
• Main Authors: Yang, Jun-qing, Guo, Zhi-wei, Wang, Xiao-he, Hao, Ga-zi, Hu, Yu-bing, Feng, Xiao-jun, Guo, Rui, Jiang, Wei
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier B.V 01.03.2025; KeAi Communications Co. Ltd
• Subjects: Ab initio molecular dynamics; Dihydroxylammonium 5,5'-bistetrazole-1,1'-diolate (TKX-50); Multiscale shock technique; Shock wave loading; Vacancy defect; Ab initio molecular dynamics; Dihydroxylammonium 5,5'-bistetrazole-1,1'-diolate (TKX-50); Shock wave loading; Multiscale shock technique; Vacancy defect
• ISSN: 2666-6472; 2666-6472
• DOI: 10.1016/j.enmf.2025.02.001

This study investigated the impacts of different vacancy defect concentrations on the decomposition of dihydroxylammonium 5,5′-bistetrazole-1,1′-diolate (TKX-50) under shock wave loading using the ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) method combined with the multiscale shock technique (MSST). Initially, eight crystal models of TKX-50 with vacancy defect concentrations of 0 %, 3.13 %, 6.25 %, and 9.38 % were established. The most stable models at these defect concentrations were identified as V0, V1.1, V2.1, and V3.1, respectively by calculating the vacancy formation energies. Afterward, the decomposition processes of these most stable models under shock waves at a speed of 10 km s−1 were examined in detail. The results show that TKX-50 underwent reversible proton transfer processes under shock wave loading, which are similar to its behavior under thermal loading. With an increase in the vacancy defect concentration, the TKX-50 systems became significantly more unstable and compressible, a greater variety and quantity of small gas molecules were quickly generated, and more pronounced fluctuations in the cluster quantities and molecular weight of the largest clusters were observed. These findings demonstrate that vacancy defects can accelerate the decomposition of TKX-50, providing theoretical insights into the damage evolution of TKX-50 under shock wave loading. This study investigated the impacts of different vacancy defect concentrations on the decomposition of TKX-50 under shock wave loading using the ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) method combined with the multiscale shock technique (MSST). The results of the most stable models—V0, V1.1, V2.1, and V3.1—show that vacancy defects can accelerate the decomposition of TKX-50. Specifically, as the vacancy defect concentration increased, the systems became significantly more unstable and compressible, a greater variety and quantity of small gas molecules were quickly produced, and more pronounced fluctuations in the cluster quantities and molecular weights of the largest clusters were observed. [Display omitted] •Multiple TKX-50 models were built to study vacancy defects’ impact on decomposition under shock wave loading.•TKX-50’s initial decomposition was analyzed via proton transfer pathways’ quantities, proportions, and frequencies.•Analyzing small molecule and cluster evolution improved the understanding of TKX-50’s decomposition.