Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in eggs from birds of prey from Southern Germany, 2014

• Published in: Environmental pollution (1987) Vol. 231; no. Pt 1; pp. 569 - 577
• Main Authors: Vetter, Walter, Gallistl, Christoph, Schlienz, Annika, Preston, Theresa, Müller, Jens, von der Trenck, K. Theo
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier Ltd 01.12.2017
• Subjects: Animals; Bird eggs; Birds - metabolism; Bromobenzenes - metabolism; Environmental Monitoring; Environmental Pollutants - metabolism; Falconiformes - metabolism; Flame Retardants - analysis; Flame Retardants - metabolism; Food Chain; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Germany; Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers - analysis; Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers - metabolism; Halogenation; Hydrocarbons, Brominated - metabolism; Metabolites; Non-target analysis; Ovum - metabolism; Peregrine falcons; Polybrominated flame retardants; Bird eggs; Peregrine falcons; Polybrominated flame retardants; Metabolites; Non-target analysis
• ISSN: 0269-7491; 1873-6424
• DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.08.047

In Southern Germany, peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus), which almost exclusively prey on other birds, are top predators of the terrestrial food chain. These animals accumulate persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) with mothers transferring these lipophilic contaminants to their eggs. Here we analyzed unhatched eggs of eleven peregrine falcons and six of other species, and report concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), hexabromobenzene (HBB), 2,3-dibromopropyl-2,4,6-tribromophenyl ether (DPTE) and its metabolites, pentabromoethylbenzene (PBEB), pentabromotoluene (PBT), and tribromophenol (TBP). The extract of one purified peregrine falcon egg sample was comprehensively analyzed in a non-target (NT) approach by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry in the electron capture negative ion mode. A total of ∼400 polyhalogenated compounds were detected, among them dechloranes and possibly transformation products, two tetrabrominated metabolites of PBT and several compounds unknown to us which could not be identified. [Display omitted] •BFRs were determined in eggs of 11 peregrine falcons and 6 other bird eggs.•PBDEs, HBCD, HBB, DPTE and metabolites, PBEB, PBT, TBP were quantified.•one sample was comprehensively analyzed in a non-target (NT) approach.•∼400 polyhalogenated compounds were detected in this peregrine falcon egg.•dechloranes and metabolites, two PBT metabolites and unknowns were described. Various polybrominated flame retardants were quantified in 17 bird eggs from Southern Germany and >170 compounds were described by means of a non-targeted GC/MS approach.