Water sources diagram method in systems with multiple contaminants in fixed flowrate and fixed load processes

• Published in: Journal of cleaner production Vol. 172; pp. 3186 - 3200
• Main Authors: Francisco, Flávio S., Mirre, Reinaldo C., Calixto, Ewerton E.S., Pessoa, Fernando L.P., Queiroz, Eduardo M.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Ltd 20.01.2018
• Subjects: Environment; Fixed flowrate processes; Fixed load processes; Multiple contaminants; Water conservation; Water reuse; Water conservation; Environment; Fixed load processes; Multiple contaminants; Water reuse; Fixed flowrate processes
• ISSN: 0959-6526; 1879-1786
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.11.043

Developed to deal with water allocation problems (WAP), the Water Source Diagram (WSD) method is here extended to be used in problems involving fixed flowrate operations in multiple contaminant processes, as well as processes formulated by the source and sink point of view. Therefore the WSD becomes a complete methodology to solve WAPs without regenerating operations focusing maximum water reuse. To illustrate the performance of the proposed extension, two case studies handling hybrid systems from the pulp and paper industry are presented, including industrial data from a Brazilian pulp and paper plant. The WSD results are also compared with other author's proposals, showing good performance. •WSD applied in multiple contaminants problems with a source and sink formulation.•WSD applied in multiple contaminants problems with FF and FL operations.•New general method to determine the reference operation and the reference contaminant.