Functional significance of exosomes applied in sepsis: A novel approach to therapy

• Published in: Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease Vol. 1863; no. 1; pp. 292 - 297
• Main Authors: Wu, Jingjing, Wang, Yini, Li, Lanjuan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.01.2017
• Subjects: Animals; Biomarker; Cell Fractionation - methods; Drug Carriers - metabolism; Drug vehicle; Exosome; Exosomes - chemistry; Exosomes - genetics; Exosomes - metabolism; Exosomes - transplantation; Humans; Inflammation - genetics; Inflammation - metabolism; Inflammation - therapy; MicroRNAs - genetics; MicroRNAs - therapeutic use; miRNA; Sepsis; Sepsis - genetics; Sepsis - metabolism; Sepsis - therapy; Sepsis; miRNA; Biomarker; Exosome; Drug vehicle
• ISSN: 0925-4439; 1879-260X
• DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.10.024

The nanoparticles referred as exosomes play an active role in intercellular communication. Their potential positive therapeutic effect in bacterial inflammation and sepsis has been the subject of several studies that have examined the feasibility of exosomes as drug-delivery vehicles. The underlying mechanism of interest involves the selective transport of cellular cargo. Most attention has been focused on the exosome-mediated transport of microRNA and protein. Thus, exosomes are expected to be an important tool in the treatment of inflammatory disease. This review covers the relevant literature, focusing on the relationship between exosomes and sepsis and therapeutic use of exosomes in bacterially mediated inflammation or sepsis. We evaluate exosomes as drug vehicles, including their therapeutic cargo, potential mechanisms of action, choice of donor cells, and routes of administration. •Exosomes appeared to be more qualified than cell transplantation in sepsis as a new therapeutic approach.•The efficiency of using exosomes in sepsis is decided by their content encapsulated in exosomes, including proteins, miRNA and lipids, which are decided by the cell types and physiological and pathological states.•Exosomes have some natural characteristics which made them to be exploited as drug vehicles in modulating the inflammatory response.