Free silanols and ionic liquids as their suppressors in liquid chromatography

•Silica as the most interesting surface material.•Free silanols and siloxanes: their role on the silica surface.•Stationary phases in separation sciences.•Ionic liquids: need for the search for the effective silanols suppressor.•Future of ionic liquids in separation science. In this review, we will...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inJournal of Chromatography A Vol. 1559; pp. 17 - 43
Main Authors Buszewska-Forajta, Magdalena, Markuszewski, Michał J., Kaliszan, Roman
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Netherlands Elsevier B.V 20.07.2018
Subjects
Free silanols
HPLC
Ionic liquids
Mobile phase additives
Ionic liquids
Mobile phase additives
CE
Free silanols
HPLC
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Summary:•Silica as the most interesting surface material.•Free silanols and siloxanes: their role on the silica surface.•Stationary phases in separation sciences.•Ionic liquids: need for the search for the effective silanols suppressor.•Future of ionic liquids in separation science. In this review, we will firstly discuss the types and the general properties of silica, focusing on the silica support used in chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. Additionally, the characterization of functional groups (silanols and siloxanes) will be considered in terms of activity of the stationary phases. We will then discuss physical chemistry of the stationary phases applied in liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. The use of ionic liquids as a silanols’ suppressors will be presented in the next parts of the study, along with the examples of specific applications. The review is completed with conclusions and an outlook for the future developments in the area of analytical applications of ionic liquids.
ISSN:0021-9673
1873-3778
DOI:10.1016/j.chroma.2018.04.002