NAD+ in sulfur mustard toxicity

• Published in: Toxicology letters Vol. 324; pp. 95 - 103
• Main Authors: Ruszkiewicz, Joanna A., Bürkle, Alexander, Mangerich, Aswin
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 15.05.2020
• Subjects: Animals; Chemical Warfare Agents - toxicity; Cytotoxicity; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Mustard Gas - toxicity; NAD; NAD - administration & dosage; NAD - physiology; Niacinamide - administration & dosage; Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; Oxidative Stress - drug effects; PARP; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases - metabolism; Reactive Nitrogen Species - metabolism; Sirtuins; Sirtuins - antagonists & inhibitors; Sulfur mustard; NAD; Sirtuins; Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; Cytotoxicity; PARP; Sulfur mustard
• ISSN: 0378-4274; 1879-3169; 1879-3169
• DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.01.024

•Sulfur mustard (SM) and its derivatives are potent toxicants.•The molecular mechanisms behind SM-induced toxicity are not fully understood.•The paper discusses the role of NAD + in SM toxicity.•The beneficial effects of NAD + precursors in SM toxicity are also discussed. Sulfur mustard (SM) is a toxicant and chemical warfare agent with strong vesicant properties. The mechanisms behind SM-induced toxicity are not fully understood and no antidote or effective therapy against SM exists. Both, the risk of SM release in asymmetric conflicts or terrorist attacks and the usage of SM-derived nitrogen mustards as cancer chemotherapeutics, render the mechanisms of mustard-induced toxicity a highly relevant research subject. Herein, we review a central role of the abundant cellular molecule nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) in molecular mechanisms underlying SM toxicity. We also discuss the potential beneficial effects of NAD+ precursors in counteracting SM-induced damage.