Comparing the selectivity and chiral separation of d- and l- fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl chloride protected amino acids in analytical high performance liquid chromatography and supercritical fluid chromatography; evaluating throughput, economic and environmental impact

• Published in: Journal of Chromatography A Vol. 1493; pp. 10 - 18
• Main Authors: Vera, C.M., Shock, D., Dennis, G.R., Farrell, W., Shalliker, R.A.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 14.04.2017
• Subjects: Amino acids; Amino Acids - chemistry; Amino Acids - isolation & purification; Carbon Dioxide - chemistry; Cellulose - chemistry; Chiral chromatography; Chlorides - chemistry; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid - economics; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid - methods; Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid - economics; Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid - methods; Environment; Fluorenes - chemistry; Fluorenes - isolation & purification; Formates - chemistry; Normal phase; Reversed phase; Solvents - chemistry; Stereoisomerism; Supercritical fluid chromatography; Normal phase; Amino acids; Reversed phase; Chiral chromatography; Supercritical fluid chromatography
• ISSN: 0021-9673; 1873-3778
• DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.02.017

•Enantiomeric selectivity of FMOC amino acids in SFC was more correlated to NPHPLC than RPHPLC.•Retention of FMOC amino acids in SFC was intermediate between RPHPLC and NPHPLC.•Increasing the concentration of formic acid modifier (from 0.1% to 2%) effectively doubled the separation selectivity.•SFC chiral chromatography was economically and environmentally beneficial. The chiral separation of d- and l- FMOC amino acids was undertaken using the Lux Cellulose-1 polysaccharide based chiral column in HPLC (normal phase and reverse phase) and SFC conditions. This was done to compare the relative selectivity and separation between the three separation modes and to evaluate the potential benefits of SFC separations with regards to resolution, throughput, economic and environmental impact. It was established that the separation of d- and l- FMOC amino acids in SFC displayed behaviours that were similar to both normal phase and reversed phase, rather than distinctly one or the other. Additionally, although reversed phase conditions yielded significantly higher resolution values between enantiomers across the range of amino acids studied, improvements in selectivity in SFC via the introduction of higher concentrations of formic acid in the mobile phase allowed for better resolution per unit of time. Moreover since the SFC mobile phase is composed mostly of recyclable CO2, there is a reduction in organic solvent consumption, which minimises the economic and environmental costs.