Aging and vascular responses to flavanol-rich cocoa

• Published in: Journal of hypertension Vol. 24; no. 8; p. 1575
• Main Authors: Fisher, Naomi D L, Hollenberg, Norman K
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England 01.08.2006
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aging - drug effects; Aging - physiology; Blood Pressure - drug effects; Blood Volume - drug effects; Cacao; Endothelium, Vascular - drug effects; Endothelium, Vascular - physiology; Enzyme Inhibitors - pharmacology; Female; Fingers - blood supply; Flavonoids - administration & dosage; Flavonoids - pharmacology; Humans; Male; Manometry; Middle Aged; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester - pharmacology; Nitric Oxide Synthase - antagonists & inhibitors; Pulsatile Flow - drug effects; Reference Values; Regional Blood Flow - drug effects; Vasodilation - drug effects
• ISSN: 0263-6352
• DOI: 10.1097/01.hjh.0000239293.40507.2a

Strong evidence has secured aging as a powerful predictor of both cardiovascular risk and endothelial dysfunction, yet specific treatment is not available. We tested the hypothesis that vascular responsiveness to flavanol-rich cocoa increases with advancing age. We have previously shown that flavanol-rich cocoa induced peripheral vasodilation, improving endothelial function via a nitric oxide (NO)-dependent mechanism. We studied blood pressure and peripheral arterial responses to several days of cocoa in 15 young (< 50 years) and 19 older (> 50) healthy subjects. The nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine-methyl-ester (L-NAME) induced significant pressor responses following cocoa administration only among the older subjects: systolic blood pressure (SBP) rose 13 +/- 4 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) 6 +/- 2 mmHg (P = 0.008 and 0.047, respectively); SBP was significantly higher in the older subjects (P < 0.05). Flow-mediated vasodilation, measured by tonometry in the finger, was enhanced with flavanol-rich cocoa in both groups, but significantly more so among the old (P = 0.01). Finally, basal pulse wave amplitude (PWA) followed a similar pattern. Four to six days of flavanol-rich cocoa caused a rise in PWA in both groups. At peak vasodilation following acute cocoa intake on the final day, both groups showed a further, significant rise in PWA. The response in the older subjects was more robust; P < 0.05. L-NAME significantly reversed dilation in both groups. Flavanol-rich cocoa enhanced several measures of endothelial function to a greater degree among older than younger healthy subjects. Our data suggest that the NO-dependent vascular effects of flavanol-rich cocoa may be greater among older people, in whom endothelial function is more disturbed.