Cataract Surgery in Uveitis: Risk Factors, Outcomes, and Complications

• Published in: American journal of ophthalmology Vol. 244; pp. 117 - 124
• Main Authors: Al-Ani, Haya Husam, Sims, Joanne Lesley, Niederer, Rachael Louise
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01.12.2022; Elsevier Limited
• Subjects: Astigmatism; Biometrics; Cataract - complications; Cataracts; Data collection; Demographics; Eye surgery; Glaucoma; Humans; Hypertension; Intraoperative Complications; Lens Implantation, Intraocular - methods; Multivariate analysis; Ophthalmology; Patients; Phacoemulsification - methods; Postoperative Complications - surgery; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Statistical analysis; Steroids; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF; Uveitis - complications; Uveitis - surgery
• ISSN: 0002-9394; 1879-1891; 1879-1891
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2022.08.014

To determine the outcomes of cataract surgery in eyes with uveitis, including the rates of intraoperative and postoperative complications, as well as predictors of visual outcomes. Retrospective observational cohort study. Setting: Tertiary public hospital setting in Auckland, New Zealand, between 2008 and 2020.Study Population: Patients who underwent cataract surgery following a diagnosis of uveitis.Main observation Procedures: Additional intraoperative procedures, intraoperative and postoperative complications, and postoperative visual outcomes and complications. 471 eyes of 371 subjects were included. Median duration of uveitis prior to cataract surgery was 3.0 years (interquartile range [IQR] 5.2) and median period of quiescence prior to surgery was 1.0 years (IQR 1.5). Additional procedures (posterior synechiae peel [32.3%] and vision blue [18.1%]) were common. Intraoperative complications occurred in 32 eyes (6.8%). Consultants were the primary surgeons in the majority (82.5%) of operations. By 12 months, visual acuity was 20/50 or better in 248 eyes (79.7%). The most common postoperative complication was uveitis flare, occurring in 56.5%. On Cox proportional hazards analysis, time quiescent was associated with reduced risk of flare (HR 0.794, P = .003). Postoperative cystoid macular edema (CME) developed in 45 eyes (9.6%), with no significant predictors identified on multivariate analysis. Cataract surgery in uveitis is complex. In the hands of the surgically experienced, rates of intraoperative complications are low. The primary challenge is managing postoperative care as we report a high rate of uveitis relapse and CME. Careful monitoring is important as complications can be unpredictable and occur later than expected.