Additive Manufacturing and Performance of E-Type Transformer Core

• Published in: Energies (Basel) Vol. 14; no. 11; p. 3278
• Main Authors: Tiismus, Hans, Kallaste, Ants, Belahcen, Anouar, Rassolkin, Anton, Vaimann, Toomas, Shams Ghahfarokhi, Payam
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01.06.2021
• Subjects: 3-D printers; Additive manufacturing; Alternating current; Annealing; Current loss; Design; Eddy current testing; Eddy currents; Ferromagnetic materials; High tech industries; iron losses; Lasers; Loss reduction; Magnetic properties; Operating temperature; Optimization; Porous materials; selective laser melting; Silicon; soft magnetic materials; Steel; transformer; Working conditions
• ISSN: 1996-1073; 1996-1073
• DOI: 10.3390/en14113278

Additive manufacturing of ferromagnetic materials for electrical machine applications is maturing. In this work, a full E-type transformer core is printed, characterized, and compared in terms of performance with a conventional Goss textured core. For facilitating a modular winding and eddy current loss reduction, the 3D printed core is assembled from four novel interlocking components, which structurally imitate the E-type core laminations. Both cores are compared at approximately their respective optimal working conditions, at identical magnetizing currents. Due to the superior magnetic properties of the Goss sheet conventional transformer core, 10% reduced efficiency (from 80.5% to 70.1%) and 34% lower power density (from 59 VA/kg to 39 VA/kg) of the printed transformer are identified at operating temperature. The first prototype transformer core demonstrates the state of the art and initial optimization step for further development of additively manufactured soft ferromagnetic components. Further optimization of both the 3D printed material and core design are proposed for obtaining higher electrical performance for AC applications.