Therapeutic Potential of Rosmarinic Acid: A Comprehensive Review

• Published in: Applied sciences Vol. 9; no. 15; p. 3139
• Main Authors: Nadeem, Muhammad, Imran, Muhammad, Aslam Gondal, Tanweer, Imran, Ali, Shahbaz, Muhammad, Muhammad Amir, Rai, Wasim Sajid, Muhammad, Batool Qaisrani, Tahira, Atif, Muhammad, Hussain, Ghulam, Salehi, Bahare, Adrian Ostrander, Elise, Martorell, Miquel, Sharifi-Rad, Javad, C. Cho, William, Martins, Natália
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01.08.2019
• Subjects: Advanced glycosylation end products; AMP-activated protein kinase; anticancer; antidiabetic; antioxidant; Antioxidants; Biosynthesis; Blood glucose; Cancer; Carbonyl compounds; Carbonyls; cardioprotective; Carnitine; Carnitine palmitoyltransferase; Cholesterol; Cytosol; Diabetes; Diabetes mellitus; Diet; Drug dosages; Endotoxins; Enzymatic activity; Estrogens; Fatty acids; Food science; Forkhead protein; FOXO1 protein; Gene expression; Glucose; Glucose metabolism; Glucose transporter; Glycolysis; Glycosylation; Hemodynamics; High mobility group proteins; Hypoxia; Hypoxia-inducible factors; Inflammation; Insulin; Interleukin 6; Intestine; Kinases; Lipid metabolism; Lipids; Metabolism; Metabolites; Nutrition research; oxidative stress; Pancreas; Peroxides; Proteins; rosemary; Rosmarinic acid; Sinapic acid; Small intestine; Substrates; Translocation; Triglycerides; Lahore Pakistan; Pakistan; Iran; Portugal
• ISSN: 2076-3417; 2076-3417
• DOI: 10.3390/app9153139

Naturally occurring food-derived active ingredients have received huge attention for their chemopreventive and chemotherapy capabilities in several diseases. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a caffeic acid ester and a naturally-occurring phenolic compound in a number of plants belonging to the Lamiaceae family, such as Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) from which it was formerly isolated. RA intervenes in carcinogenesis through different ways, including in tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, and inflammation. On the other hand, it also exerts powerful antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and even antidepressant, anti-aging effects. The present review aims to provide an overview on anticancer activities of RA and to deliberate its therapeutic potential against a wide variety of diseases. Given the current evidence, RA may be considered as part of the daily diet in the treatment of several diseases, with pre-determined doses avoiding cytotoxicity.