Combined Training Improves Gene Expression Related to Immunosenescence in Obese Type 2 Diabetic Individuals

• Published in: Research quarterly for exercise and sport Vol. 95; no. 3; pp. 730 - 739
• Main Authors: Brunelli, Diego T., Bonfante, Ivan L. P., Boldrini, Vinicius O., Scolfaro, Pedro G., Duft, Renata G., Mateus, Keryma, Fatori, Raphael F., Chacon-Mikahil, Mara P. T., Farias, Alessandro S., Teixeira, Ana M., Cavaglieri, Cláudia R.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Routledge 02.07.2024
• Subjects: Adult; Biomarkers - blood; Body Composition; Cardiorespiratory Fitness - physiology; Cytokines - blood; Cytokines - genetics; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - genetics; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - immunology; Exercise training; Female; Gene Expression; Humans; Immunosenescence; inflammation; Leukocytes, Mononuclear - immunology; Leukocytes, Mononuclear - metabolism; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle Strength - physiology; obesity; Obesity - genetics; Obesity - immunology; Resistance Training; Subcutaneous Fat - metabolism; type 2 diabetes mellitus; Waist Circumference; type 2 diabetes mellitus; Exercise training; inflammation; obesity
• ISSN: 0270-1367; 2168-3824; 2168-3824
• DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2023.2299716

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of moderate combined training (CT) on both the gene expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory markers and senescence in the immune system in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) of obese middle-aged individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods: Thirty obese individuals (50.2 ± 9.4 years; body mass index: 31.8 ± 2.3 kg/m²) with T2D underwent 16 weeks of a CT group [CT; aerobic (50-60% of VO2 max ) plus resistance (50-75% of 1RM) training; 3 times/week, 70 min/session; n = 16)] or a control group (CG, n = 14). Nutritional patterns, muscle strength (1RM), cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2 max ), waist circumference (WC), body composition (Air Displacement Plethysmograph) and blood collections for biochemical (serum leptin, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and anti-CMV) and molecular (gene expression of leptin, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, PD-1, P16 ink4a , CCR7, CD28 and CD27 in PBMCs and SAT) analyses were assessed before (Pre) and after (Post) the 16 weeks of the experimental period. Results: Significant decreases were observed in WC and IL4, TNF-α, PD-1 and CD27 expression in PBMCs for CT. Furthermore, significant increases were observed in 1RM and VO2max for CT after the experimental period. Conclusion: Moderate CT contributed to a reduction in the gene expression of markers associated to chronic inflammation and immunosenescence in PBMCs of obese middle-aged individuals with T2D.