An Elastic Energy Management Algorithm in a Hierarchical Control System with Distributed Control Devices

• Published in: Energies (Basel) Vol. 15; no. 13; p. 4750
• Main Authors: Powroźnik, Piotr, Szcześniak, Paweł, Turchan, Krzysztof, Krysik, Miłosz, Koropiecki, Igor, Piotrowski, Krzysztof
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01.07.2022
• Subjects: Algorithms; Alternative energy sources; Control equipment; Control systems; elastic energy management algorithm; Electric power; Electric power distribution; Electric power generation; Electric power grids; Electric power systems; Electric vehicles; Electrical loads; Electricity; Electricity distribution; Energy; Energy consumption; energy demand control; Energy management; Energy sources; Energy storage; Fossil fuels; Gases; GRASP algorithm; Households; Industrial plant emissions; IoT; Power plants; Protocol; Renewable energy sources; Renewable resources; smart appliances
• ISSN: 1996-1073; 1996-1073
• DOI: 10.3390/en15134750

In modern Electric Power Systems, emphasis is placed on the increasing share of electricity from renewable energy sources (PV, wind, hydro, etc.), at the expense of energy generated with the use of fossil fuels. This will lead to changes in energy supply. When there is excessive generation from RESs, there will be too much energy in the system, otherwise, there will be a shortage of energy. Therefore, smart devices should be introduced into the system, the operation of which can be initiated by the conditions of the power grid. This will allow the load profiles of the power grid to be changed and the electricity supply to be used more rationally. The article proposes an elastic energy management algorithm (EEM) in a hierarchical control system with distributed control devices for controlling domestic smart appliances (SA). In the simulation part, scenarios of the algorithm’s operation were carried out for 1000 households with the use of the distribution of activities of individual SAs. In experimental studies, simplified results for three SA types and 100 devices for each type were presented. The obtained results confirm that, thanks to the use of SAs and the appropriate algorithm for their control, it is possible to change the load profile of the power grid. The efficacious operation of SAs will be possible thanks to the change of habits of electricity users, which is briefly described in the article.