Biobased flame retardants from tartaric acid and derivatives

Biobased flame retardants represent attractive alternatives to traditional organohalogen compounds which are persistent in the environment, tend to bioaccumulate and may pose risks to human health. Tartaric acid is generated annually in great abundance as a by-product of wine making. It is nontoxic...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inPolymer degradation and stability Vol. 157; pp. 199 - 211
Main Authors Howell, Bob A., Sun, Wenxiao
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published London Elsevier Ltd 01.11.2018
Elsevier BV
Subjects
Bioaccumulation
Bisphenol A
Bromine
Esters
Flame retardants
Organic chemicals
Organohalogen compounds
Tartaric acid
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Summary:Biobased flame retardants represent attractive alternatives to traditional organohalogen compounds which are persistent in the environment, tend to bioaccumulate and may pose risks to human health. Tartaric acid is generated annually in great abundance as a by-product of wine making. It is nontoxic and widely used as a food ingredient. It is tetrafunctional which provides broad opportunity for conversion to a wide spectrum of useful materials. It has been used as a base for the generation of a variety of new compounds that display good flame retardancy in DGEBA (diglycidyl ether of bis-phenol A) epoxy. These range from simple phosphinate and phosphonate esters to oligomeric materials containing bromine, in both saturated and unsaturated units, or bromine and phosphorus.
ISSN:0141-3910
1873-2321
DOI:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.10.006