Biomass-Derived Hard Carbon and Nitrogen-Sulfur Co-Doped Graphene for High-Performance Symmetric Sodium Ion Capacitor Devices

An inexpensive bio-mass-derived hard carbon from tamarind pods was used as an anode, and nitrogen and nitrogen (N)/sulfur (S) co-doped graphene were used as a cathode for novel hybrid Na-ion supercapacitors. The structural and surface morphological analyses are investigated using a range of techniqu...

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Published inEnergies (Basel) Vol. 16; no. 2; p. 802
Main Authors Thirumal, Vediyappan, Sreekanth, T. V. M., Yoo, Kisoo, Kim, Jinho
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel MDPI AG 01.01.2023
Subjects
Activated carbon
Batteries
Biomass
Capacitance
Capacitors
Electric vehicles
Electrochemistry
Electrodes
Electrolytes
Energy storage
Graphene
Graphite
hard carbon
heteroatom
Lithium
Microscopy
Na-ion capacitor
Nitrogen
Potassium
Radiation
Sodium
Sodium-ion batteries
Sulfur
Supercapacitors
tamarind pod
X-ray spectroscopy
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Summary:An inexpensive bio-mass-derived hard carbon from tamarind pods was used as an anode, and nitrogen and nitrogen (N)/sulfur (S) co-doped graphene were used as a cathode for novel hybrid Na-ion supercapacitors. The structural and surface morphological analyses are investigated using a range of techniques. The 3D network of the heteroatom-doped graphene skeleton edges for N and NS-doping conformations were assigned as N-RGOs (N1s-5.09 at.%) and NS-RGOs (N1s-7.66 at.% and S1s-2.22 at.%) based on energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy elemental mapping. The negative electrode (T-HC) hard carbon was pre-treated by pre-sodiation with a half-cell process by galvanostatic charge–discharge in a sodium-ion battery at 0.01–2.5 V vs. Na/Na+. The T-HC//NS-RGO, T-HC//N-RGO, and T-HC//RGO were used to construct the Na-ion supercapacitor device. In the CV experiments, the electrochemical galvanostatic charge–discharge was studied at 1.0–4.2 V. The specific capacitance was 352.18 F/g for the T.HC/NS-RGO device and 180.93 F/g for the T.HC/N-RGO device; both were symmetric devices. T.HC/NS-RGO device performance revealed excellent cycling stability, with T-HC//NS-RGO showing 89.26% capacitance retention over 5000 cycles. A carbon–carbon symmetric device, such as a Na-ion hybrid capacitor, can exhibit the characteristics of both batteries and supercapacitors for future electric vehicles.
ISSN:1996-1073
1996-1073
DOI:10.3390/en16020802