Ambiguities in implementing regulations for sustainable groundwater resources development in Vietnam with a case study of Tra Vinh province in Mekong Delta

• Published in: Journal of hydrology. Regional studies Vol. 50; p. 101572
• Main Authors: Phan, Thang Long, Zhou, Yangxiao, Stigter, Tibor, Bui Tran, Vuong, Dang Van, Tuc, Pham Van, Tuan, Dao Hong, Hai
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier B.V 01.12.2023; Elsevier
• Subjects: Ambiguities and amendments; Groundwater sustainability; Tra Vinh case study; Vietnamese regulation; Groundwater sustainability; Tra Vinh case study; Ambiguities and amendments; Vietnamese regulation
• ISSN: 2214-5818; 2214-5818
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrh.2023.101572

The study region is the coastal Tra Vinh province located in Mekong Delta, Vietnam The study aims to clarify the ambiguities in implementing Vietnam's regulation on restrictions of groundwater abstraction in Mekong Delta. Three ambiguities were identified, namely, how should half of the saturated thickness of the unconfined aquifer be computed; is the water level depth of 30 m for the confined aquifer sufficient to prevent seawater intrusion and land subsidence; and why is the interference of water use rights of neighbouring provinces not considered. Numerical groundwater flow, saltwater transport and land subsidence were constructed for Tra Vinh province to assess water level requirements from Vietnam regulation and important constraints for groundwater sustainability. The model results show that although all scenarios satisfy groundwater level requirements from the Vietnam regulation, only the mitigation scenario combined with reducing abstraction and increasing recharge can lead to sustainable development. The current groundwater abstraction in Tra Vinh province has caused groundwater storage depletion and induced seawater intrusion, land subsidence, and captured groundwater inflow from neighbouring provinces. When the business as usual continues, seawater may intrude 4–5 km inland and cumulative land subsidence may reach 1.5 m by 2100. Reduction of current abstraction by 50% supplemented with the increase of recharge by 1.5 times in the dunes can lead to sustainable development. [Display omitted] •Ambiguities in implementing Vietnam regulations hinder sustainability assessments.•These ambiguities are identified and amendments are made.•Shortcomings of these ambiguities are illustrated in a case of the Tra Vinh province.