Recent Approaches for the Production of High Value-Added Biofuels from Gelatinous Wastewater

Gelatin production is the most industry polluting process where huge amounts of raw organic materials and chemicals (HCl, NaOH, Ca2+) are utilized in the manufacturing accompanied by voluminous quantities of end-pipe effluent. The gelatinous wastewater (GWW) contains a large fraction of protein and...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inEnergies (Basel) Vol. 14; no. 16; p. 4936
Main Authors Tawfik, Ahmed, Ni, Shou-Qing, Awad, Hanem. M., Ismail, Sherif, Tyagi, Vinay Kumar, Khan, Mohd Shariq, Qyyum, Muhammad Abdul, Lee, Moonyong
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel MDPI AG 01.08.2021
Subjects
Alkalinity
Amino acids
Ammonia
Anaerobes
Anaerobic digestion
Anaerobic processes
Anaerobic treatment
Biodegradability
Biodegradation
Biodiesel fuels
Biofuels
Calcium
Calcium ions
Carbohydrates
Carbon
Chemical oxygen demand
Collagen
Efficiency
Energy recovery
Fatty acids
Fermentation
Gelatin
gelatinous wastewater
Hydraulic retention time
Inoculum
Lipids
Load distribution
Loading rate
Manufacturing
Metabolism
Mixed culture
Organic loading
Organic materials
Peptides
protein degradation
Proteins
Raw materials
Retention time
Skin
Sodium hydroxide
Substrates
Volatile fatty acids
Wastewater
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Summary:Gelatin production is the most industry polluting process where huge amounts of raw organic materials and chemicals (HCl, NaOH, Ca2+) are utilized in the manufacturing accompanied by voluminous quantities of end-pipe effluent. The gelatinous wastewater (GWW) contains a large fraction of protein and lipids with biodegradability (BOD/COD ratio) exceeding 0.6. Thus, it represents a promising low-cost substrate for the generation of biofuels, i.e., H2 and CH4, by the anaerobic digestion process. This review comprehensively describes the anaerobic technologies employed for simultaneous treatment and energy recovery from GWW. The emphasis was afforded on factors affecting the biofuels productivity from anaerobic digestion of GWW, i.e., protein concentration, organic loading rate (OLR), hydraulic retention time (HRT), the substrate to inoculum (S0/X0) ratio, type of mixed culture anaerobes, carbohydrates concentration, volatile fatty acids (VFAs), ammonia and alkalinity/VFA ratio, and reactor configurations. Economic values and future perspectives that require more attention are also outlined to facilitate further advancement and achieve practicality in this domain.
ISSN:1996-1073
1996-1073
DOI:10.3390/en14164936