Virtual Antenna Arrays with Frequency Diversity for Radar Systems in Fifth-Generation Flying Ad Hoc Networks

This paper proposes the design of virtual antenna arrays with frequency diversity for radar systems in fifth-generation flying ad hoc networks. These virtual arrays permit us to detect targets from the sky with flying drones. Each array element is composed of a microstrip antenna mounted on quadcopt...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inApplied sciences Vol. 14; no. 10; p. 4219
Main Authors Reyna, Alberto, Garza, Jesús C., Balderas, Luz I., Méndez, Jonathan, Panduro, Marco A., Maldonado, Gonzalo, García, Lourdes Y.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel MDPI AG 01.05.2024
Subjects
Algorithms
Antenna arrays
Antennas
Arrays
Design
Drones
Energy consumption
FANET
frequency diversity
Mathematical optimization
Optimization
radar system
Radar systems
Radiation
Symmetry
Variables
virtual antenna array
Mexico
Online AccessGet full text

Cover

More Information
Summary:This paper proposes the design of virtual antenna arrays with frequency diversity for radar systems in fifth-generation flying ad hoc networks. These virtual arrays permit us to detect targets from the sky with flying drones. Each array element is composed of a microstrip antenna mounted on quadcopter drones and is virtually connected with the other elements. The antennas are tuned to work at the lower fifth-generation frequency band of 3.5 GHz. The design process considers the optimization of frequency offsets and positions for each element to obtain a side lobe level reduction. This methodology is carried out by particle swarm optimization. Several design examples are presented with random frequency offsets and non-uniform positions. These designs are compared to uniform-spaced arrays excited with Hamming frequency offsets. The simulation results show that using random frequency offsets and non-uniform positions provides a minor side lobe level reduction. This research demonstrates the feasibility of using virtual arrays for radar systems in fifth-generation flying ad hoc networks.
ISSN:2076-3417
2076-3417
DOI:10.3390/app14104219