Machine Learning to Rate and Predict the Efficiency of Waterflooding for Oil Production

• Published in: Energies (Basel) Vol. 15; no. 3; p. 1199
• Main Authors: Makhotin, Ivan, Orlov, Denis, Koroteev, Dmitry
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01.02.2022
• Subjects: Accuracy; Complexity; Computer applications; data-driven; Economic forecasting; Efficiency; Learning algorithms; Machine learning; Mathematical models; Neural networks; Oil and gas industry; Oil and gas production; Oil recovery; Oil reservoirs; Project evaluation; Regression analysis; Reservoir engineering; Secondary oil recovery; Simulation; Water flooding; waterflooding effect; United States > US; Texas
• ISSN: 1996-1073; 1996-1073
• DOI: 10.3390/en15031199

Waterflooding is a widely used secondary oil recovery technique. The oil and gas industry uses a complex reservoir numerical simulation and reservoir engineering analysis to forecast production curves from waterflooding projects. The application of such standard methods at the stage of assessing the potential of a huge number of projects could be computationally inefficient and requires a lot of effort. This paper demonstrates the applicability of machine learning to rate the outcome of waterflooding applied to an oil reservoir. We also explore the relationship of project evaluations by operators at the final stages with several performance metrics for forecasting. Real data about several thousand waterflooding projects in Texas are used in the current study. We compare the ML models rankings of the waterflooding efficiency and the expert rankings. Linear regression models along with neural networks and gradient boosting on decision threes are considered. We show that machine learning models allow reducing computational complexity and can be useful for rating the reservoirs, with respect to the effectiveness of waterflooding.