Maintenance of genomic integrity in mammalian kidney cells exposed to hyperosmotic stress

Changes in environmental salinity/osmolality impose an osmotic stress upon cells because, if left uncompensated, such changes will alter the conserved intracellular ionic milieu and macromolecular density, for which cell metabolism in most extant cells has been optimized. Cell responses to osmotic s...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inComparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A Vol. 130; no. 3; pp. 421 - 428
Main Authors Kültz, Dietmar, Chakravarty, Devulapalli
Format Book Review Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Elsevier Inc 01.10.2001
Subjects
Adaptation
Animals
Cell Cycle
Chromatin
DNA damage
DNA Repair
DNA Replication
Genome
Genomic integrity
Hyperosmotic stress
Hypertonicity
Kidney - cytology
Kidney - metabolism
Kidney cell
Osmoregulation
Osmotic Pressure
Signal Transduction
Transcription, Genetic
Urea
Urea
Chromatin
Genomic integrity
Hypertonicity
DNA damage
Hyperosmotic stress
Osmoregulation
Kidney cell
Adaptation
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Summary:Changes in environmental salinity/osmolality impose an osmotic stress upon cells because, if left uncompensated, such changes will alter the conserved intracellular ionic milieu and macromolecular density, for which cell metabolism in most extant cells has been optimized. Cell responses to osmotic stress include rapid posttranslational and slower transcriptional events for the compensatory regulation of cell volume, intracellular electrolyte concentrations, and protein stability/activity. Changes in external osmolality are perceived by osmosensors that control the activation of signal transduction pathways giving rise to the above responses. We have recently shown that the targets of such pathways include cell cycle-regulatory and DNA damage-inducible genes (reviewed in Kültz, D., 2000. Environmental stressors and gene responses, Elsevier, Amsterdam. pp 157-179). Moreover, recent evidence suggests that hyperosmotic stress causes chromosomal aberrations and DNA double-strand breaks in mammalian cells. We propose that the modulation of cell cycle checkpoints and the preservation of genomic integrity are important aspects of cellular osmoprotection and as essential for cellular osmotic stress resistance as the capacity for cell volume regulation and maintaining inorganic ion homeostasis and protein stability/activity.
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ISSN:1095-6433
1531-4332
DOI:10.1016/S1095-6433(01)00440-8