Nutrient and Potentially Toxic Metal Concentrations in Wheat and Rice Fodder from the World Renowned Ramsar Site

• Published in: Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology Vol. 114; no. 5; p. 74
• Main Authors: Bhatti, Sandip Singh, Nagpal, Avinash Kaur, Kumar, Anupama, Kirby, Jason K., Singh, Jaswinder, Sambyal, Vasudha
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Springer US 01.05.2025; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: absorption; Agriculture; Aquatic Pollution; Arsenic; bulls; Chromium; Crops; Earth and Environmental Science; Ecotoxicology; Environment; Environmental Chemistry; Environmental Health; Environmental Monitoring; Food contamination & poisoning; Food Contamination - analysis; Food Contamination - statistics & numerical data; forage; Heavy metals; India; Management decisions; Metal concentrations; Metals; Metals - analysis; Micronutrients; Microwaves; Milk; Nutrient concentrations; Nutrients - analysis; Nutritional status; Oryza - chemistry; Pollution; Rice; Shoots; Soil Pollutants - analysis; Soil Science & Conservation; Statistical analysis; toxicity; Toxicology; Triticum - chemistry; Waste Water Technology; Water Management; Water Pollution Control; Wetlands; Wheat; India; Macronutrients; Micronutrients; Potentially Toxic Metals; Ruminants; Wheat and Rice Shoots
• ISSN: 0007-4861; 1432-0800; 1432-0800
• DOI: 10.1007/s00128-025-04051-8

The present study was conducted to analyze the contents of various macronutrients, micronutrients and potentially toxic metals (PTMs) in wheat and rice shoot samples collected from villages around Harike wetland, India. In wheat shoots, levels of most macronutrients and in rice shoots levels of Na, S and P were found to be below the normal requirement levels. Among the micronutrients, the contents of Cu, Co, Fe and Mn were found to be higher and those of Se were lower than the normal requirement levels in both wheat and rice shoots. The analysis of PTMs revealed that the contents of As and Cr were above the permissible limits in some shoot samples. Statistically significant positive correlation pointed towards common sources and absorption routes of these elements. Overall, the shoot samples analyzed in present study are not suitable as a fodder source alone and must be supplemented with other fodder sources.