Fabrication of Bimetallic High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel/Si-Bronze Functionally Graded Materials Using Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing

In this paper, bimetallic functionally graded structures were fabricated using wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM). The bimetallic walls were built by depositing Si-Bronze and high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steel, successively. The microstructural evolution of the built structures, especially...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inJournal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing Vol. 7; no. 4; p. 138
Main Authors El-Husseiny, Marwan M., Baraka, Abdelrahman A., Oraby, Omar, El-Danaf, Ehab A., Salem, Hanadi G.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel MDPI AG 01.08.2023
Subjects
3D printing
Additive manufacturing
Alloys
Arc deposition
Bimetals
Bronzes
Copper
copper–steel bimetallic components
Dissimilar material joining
Ductility tests
Evolution
functionally graded materials
Functionally gradient materials
Hardness
High strength low alloy steels
Industry 4.0
Intermetallic compounds
Investigations
Manufacturing
Mechanical properties
Metals
Microhardness
pulsed gas metal arc welding
Raw materials
Shear strength
Shear tests
Wire
wire arc additive manufacturing
Wire industry
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Summary:In this paper, bimetallic functionally graded structures were fabricated using wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM). The bimetallic walls were built by depositing Si-Bronze and high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steel, successively. The microstructural evolution of the built structures, especially within the fusion zone between the dissimilar alloys, was investigated in relation to their mechanical properties. The built bimetallic walls showed a high level of integrity. An overall interface length of 9 mm was investigated for microstructural evolution, elemental mapping and microhardness measurements along the building direction. Microhardness profiles showed a gradual transition in hardness passing through the diffusion zone with no evidence for intermetallic compounds. Failure of the tensile specimens occurred at the Si-Bronze region, as expected. Bending tests confirmed good ductility of the joint between the dissimilar alloys. Direct shear test results proved a shear strength comparable to that of HSLA steel. The obtained results confirm that it is appropriate to fabricate HSLA steel/Si-Bronze FGMs using WAAM technology.
ISSN:2504-4494
2504-4494
DOI:10.3390/jmmp7040138