Modelling of Liquid Hydrogen Boil-Off

A model has been developed and implemented in the software package BoilFAST that allows for reliable calculations of the self-pressurization and boil-off losses for liquid hydrogen in different tank geometries and thermal insulation systems. The model accounts for the heat transfer from the vapor to...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inEnergies (Basel) Vol. 15; no. 3; p. 1149
Main Authors Al Ghafri, Saif Z. S., Swanger, Adam, Jusko, Vincent, Siahvashi, Arman, Perez, Fernando, Johns, Michael L., May, Eric F.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel MDPI AG 01.02.2022
Subjects
boil-off gas
Cost control
Densification
Design
Emission standards
Equations of state
Equilibrium
Heat transfer
Helmholtz equations
Hydrogen
Liquefied natural gas
Liquid hydrogen
Liquid phases
modelling
Natural gas
Pressurization
space
Storage tanks
stratification
Temperature
Thermal insulation
Vapors
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Summary:A model has been developed and implemented in the software package BoilFAST that allows for reliable calculations of the self-pressurization and boil-off losses for liquid hydrogen in different tank geometries and thermal insulation systems. The model accounts for the heat transfer from the vapor to the liquid phase, incorporates realistic heat transfer mechanisms, and uses reference equations of state to calculate thermodynamic properties. The model is validated by testing against a variety of scenarios using multiple sets of industrially relevant data for liquid hydrogen (LH2), including self-pressurization and densification data obtained from an LH2 storage tank at NASA’s Kennedy Space Centre. The model exhibits excellent agreement with experimental and industrial data across a range of simulated conditions, including zero boil-off in microgravity environments, self-pressurization of a stored mass of LH2, and boil-off from a previously pressurized tank as it is being relieved of vapor.
ISSN:1996-1073
1996-1073
DOI:10.3390/en15031149