Numerical Modeling of the Hydrothermal Metallogenic Mechanism Associated with the Ergu Pb-Zn Deposit, Heilongjiang, China: An Example of Pore-Fluid Convection Controlled Mineralization

• Published in: Minerals (Basel) Vol. 13; no. 11; p. 1428
• Main Authors: Liu, Gaozhi, Zhao, Chongbin
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01.11.2023
• Subjects: Chemical speciation; China; Computer applications; Convection; Convective flow; convective pore-fluid flow; dual length-scale; Earth crust; Earth science; Environmental aspects; Ergu deposit; Fault lines; Finite element method; Flow distribution; Flow pattern; Fluid flow; Geology; Hydrothermal deposits; Investigations; Lava; Lead; Magma; Metallogenesis; metallogenic process; Methods; Mineralization; mineralization rate; Mines and mineral resources; Numerical analysis; Numerical models; Simulation; Sulphides; Zinc; China
• ISSN: 2075-163X; 2075-163X
• DOI: 10.3390/min13111428

Skarn-hosted deposits are commonly recognized as the consequence of magma intrusion within the Earth’s upper crust. The Ergu Pb-Zn deposit can be regarded as a typical skarn-hosted deposit in the hydrothermal ore-forming system within the central Lesser Xing’an Range (LXR), Heilongjiang, China. Although extensive studies were conducted to understand the ore-forming system associated with the Ergu Pb-Zn deposit through using the traditional geoscience methods, the ore-forming process involved in this deposit has not been justified in a strictly scientific manner to date. In this paper, the hydrothermal ore-forming process of the Ergu Pb-Zn deposit is computationally simulated through using the dual length-scale approach associated with the finite element method (FEM). The related computational simulation results have demonstrated that: (1) the pore-fluid convection provides continuous ore-forming fluid and material sources for the Ergu Pb-Zn deposit at the quartz-Pb-Zn sulfide stage; (2) the convective flow of the pore fluid is the main dynamic mechanism, which controls the temperature, chemical species and pore-fluid velocity distributions in the Ergu Pb-Zn deposit; (3) the localized structure plays a key role in controlling the localized pore-fluid flow pattern, which can further control the location and formation of the orebody grade in the Ergu Pb-Zn deposit; (4) the dual length-scale approach associated with the FEM is very useful in dealing with the computational simulation of the hydrothermal ore-forming mechanism involved in the Ergu Pb-Zn deposit.