The induction of oxidative stress and cellular death by the drinking water disinfection by-products, dichloroacetate and trichloroacetate in J774.A1 cells

• Published in: Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology & pharmacology Vol. 135; no. 2; pp. 119 - 128
• Main Authors: Hassoun, Ezdihar A, Ray, Sunetra
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01.06.2003
• Subjects: Animals; Cell Death - drug effects; Cell Line; Cellular viability; Dichloroacetate; Dichloroacetic Acid - administration & dosage; Dichloroacetic Acid - pharmacology; Disinfection; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; J774.A1 macrophages; Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH); Oxidative stress; Oxidative Stress - drug effects; Superoxide anion; Superoxide dismutase; Trichloroacetate; Trichloroacetic Acid - administration & dosage; Trichloroacetic Acid - pharmacology; Water purification by-products; Water Supply; Dichloroacetate; Trichloroacetate; Oxidative stress; Superoxide anion; Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH); J774.A1 macrophages; Superoxide dismutase; Water purification by-products; Cellular viability
• ISSN: 1532-0456; 1878-1659
• DOI: 10.1016/S1532-0456(03)00082-6

The in vitro toxicity of the drinking water disinfection by products dichloroacetate (DCA) and trichloroacetate (TCA) were studied using the J774A.1 macrophage cell line. DCA and TCA were added to cell cultures at concentrations ranging between 8–32 mM and incubated for 24, 36 and 60 h. DCA and TCA effects on cellular viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and superoxide anion (SA) production by the cells, as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities of the cells were determined. DCA and TCA caused time- and concentration-dependent increases in cellular death, in LDH release and production of SA by the cells. The compounds also caused modulations in SOD activities of the cells, with increases observed at the lower concentrations and/or shorter periods of incubations and suppression with the higher concentrations and/or longer periods of incubation. The results of the study indicate that DCA and TCA induce macrophage activation and that the activation is associated with cellular toxicity. Also, DCA and TCA are found to be equitoxic to J774.A1 cells.