Impact of Dietary Advanced Glycation End-Product Restriction on Insulin Resistance and Anthropometric Indices in Coronary Artery Patients Treated with Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Trial

• Published in: Journal of Tehran University Heart Center Vol. 18; no. 1; pp. 1 - 9
• Main Authors: Honarkar-Shafie, Elaheh, Hosseinzadeh-Attar, Mohammad Javad, Taheri, Fatemeh, Moosavi, Najme-Sadat, Yaseri, Mehdi, Alidoosti, Mohammad, Vasheghani-Farahani, Ali
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Iran Tehran University of Medical Sciences 2023
• Subjects: Adipose tissue; Advanced glycosylation end products; Age; Age composition; Angina; Angioplasty; Anthropometry; Biochemical markers; Body fat; Body measurements; Cardiovascular disease; Coronary artery disease; Coronary vessels; Diet; Dietary advanced glycation end products; Food consumption; Food processing; Glucose metabolism; Glycosylation; Heart diseases; Insulin; Insulin resistance; Nutrient deficiency; Original; Processed foods; Risk factors; Serum levels; Visceral fat; Visceral fat; Dietary advanced glycation end products; Insulin resistance
• ISSN: 1735-5370; 1735-8620; 2008-2371
• DOI: 10.18502/jthc.v18i1.12574

Insulin resistance (IR), even in its subclinical state, is a significant risk factor for the onset and progression of coronary artery disease (CAD). IR is a multifactorial condition, and dietary composition is a factor associated with its development. Elevated advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in the body, secondary to highly processed food consumption, can impair glucose metabolism. The present study investigated whether a restricted AGE diet could affect insulin sensitivity and anthropometric indices reflecting visceral adipose tissue in nondiabetic CAD patients. This trial randomly allocated 42 angioplasty-treated patients to follow either low-AGE or control diets based on the AHA/NCEP guidelines for 12 weeks. Serum levels of total AGEs, insulin, HbA1c, and fasting blood sugar, as well as anthropometric measurements, were evaluated before and after the intervention. The Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and anthropometric indices were calculated according to the proposed formula. The patients' health status was assessed using the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) at baseline and after the intervention. Our study showed a significant reduction in anthropometric indices in the low-AGE group after 12 weeks. Insulin levels and IR decreased during the low-AGE diet. No significant changes were observed in the other serum biochemical markers. All SAQ domains significantly decreased in both groups, except for Treatment Satisfaction. A low-AGE diet for 12 weeks had beneficial effects on HOMA-IR and insulin levels in patients with CAD. Regarding the fundamental role of AGE in IR development and body fat distribution, AGE restriction may positively affect these patients.