The role of DNA bending in Cro protein-DNA interactions

• Published in: Biophysical chemistry Vol. 69; no. 2; pp. 153 - 160
• Main Authors: Gromiha, M.Michael, Munteanu, Mircea G., Simon, István, Pongor, Sándor
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.12.1997
• Subjects: Base Sequence; Bending energy; Cro protein; DNA; DNA - chemistry; DNA-Binding Proteins - chemistry; Elastic entropy; Elastic stiffness; Elasticity; Entropy; Free energy change; Models, Chemical; Operator sequences; Repressor Proteins - chemistry; Thermodynamics; Viral Proteins; Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins; Elastic entropy; Elastic stiffness; Bending energy; Cro protein; DNA; Operator sequences; Free energy change
• ISSN: 0301-4622; 1873-4200
• DOI: 10.1016/S0301-4622(97)00088-4

Binding energy of DNA-Cro protein complexes is analyzed in terms of DNA elasticity, using a sequence-dependent anisotropic bendability (SDAB) model of DNA, developed recently [M.M. Gromiha, M.G. Munteanu, A. Gabrielian and S. Pongor, J. Biol. Phys. 22 (1996) 227–243.]. The protein is considered to bind aspecifically to DNA that reduces the freedom of movement in the DNA molecule. In cognate DNA, the Cro protein moves on to form specific interactions and bends DNA. A comparison of the experimental data [Y. Takeda, A. Sarai and V.M. Rivera, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86 (1989) 439–443.] with the calculated DNA stiffness data shows that ΔG of the complex formation increases with the stiffness of the ligand when the interactions are nonspecific ones, while an opposite trend is observed for specific binding. Both of these trends are in agreement with our approach using the SDAB model. A decomposition of the energy terms suggests that binding energy in the nonspecific case is used mainly to compensate the free energy changes due to entropy lost by DNA, while the energy of specific interactions provide enough energy both to bend the DNA molecule and to change the conformation of the Cro protein upon ligand binding.