Centralized and decentralized electrolysis-based hydrogen supply systems for road transportation – A modeling study of current and future costs

This work compares the costs of three electrolysis-based hydrogen supply systems for heavy road transportation: a decentralized, off-grid system for hydrogen production from wind and solar power (Dec-Sa); a decentralized system connected to the electricity grid (Dec-Gc); and a centralized grid-conne...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inInternational journal of hydrogen energy Vol. 48; no. 12; pp. 4830 - 4844
Main Authors Lundblad, Therese, Taljegard, Maria, Johnsson, Filip
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Elsevier Ltd 08.02.2023
Subjects
Energy storage
Hydrogen electrolysis
Hydrogen supply
Levelized cost of hydrogen
Optimization
Road transportation
Road transportation
Levelized cost of hydrogen
Hydrogen supply
Optimization
Hydrogen electrolysis
Energy storage
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Summary:This work compares the costs of three electrolysis-based hydrogen supply systems for heavy road transportation: a decentralized, off-grid system for hydrogen production from wind and solar power (Dec-Sa); a decentralized system connected to the electricity grid (Dec-Gc); and a centralized grid-connected electrolyzer with hydrogen transported to refueling stations (Cen-Gc). A cost-minimizing optimization model was developed in which the hydrogen production is designed to meet the demand at refueling stations at the lowest total cost for two timeframes: one with current electricity prices and one with estimated future prices. The results show that: For most of the studied geographical regions, Dec-Gc gives the lowest costs of hydrogen delivery (2.2–3.3€/kgH2), while Dec-Sa entails higher hydrogen production costs (2.5–6.7€/kgH2). In addition, the centralized system (Cen-Gc) involves lower costs for production and storage than the grid-connected decentralized system (Dec-Gc), although the additional costs for hydrogen transport increase the total cost (3.5–4.8€/kgH2). [Display omitted] •Three electrolysis-based hydrogen supply systems are compared.•Comparisons are made between centralized/decentralized systems.•Both grid-connected and standalone systems are evaluated.•For most regions, decentralized grid-connected systems have the lowest costs.
ISSN:0360-3199
1879-3487
DOI:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.10.242