Assessment of steroidogenesis and steroidogenic enzyme functions

• Published in: The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology Vol. 137; pp. 176 - 182
• Main Author: Luu-The, Van
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier Ltd 01.09.2013
• Subjects: Androgen biosynthesis; Backdoor pathway; Cancer cells; CYP17A1; Dihydrotestosterone; Estradiol; Humans; Intracrine; Oestrogen biosynthesis; Steroid 17-alpha-Hydroxylase - metabolism; Steroidogenesis; Steroids - biosynthesis; Testosterone; DHEA; PREG; UGT; 3β-HSD; Intracrine; Androgen biosynthesis; 3α-HSD; 17β-HSD; E1; E2; CholS; 17-OH-PREG; ADT; STS; Cancer cells; CYP11A; CYP19; Oestrogen biosynthesis; 3β-diol; Backdoor pathway; 5-diol; 17β-HSDn; 4-dione; 3α-diol; ER; SARM; AR; epi-ADT; Steroidogenesis; ADT-G; E1S; 17-OH-PROG; Estradiol; CYP17A1; DHT; Dihydrotestosterone; DHEAS; SULT1E1; T; CYP21A; 3β-diol-G; 3α-diol-G; SULT1A3; 3β-HSDn; 5α-redn; epi-ADTS; 5α-red; Testosterone; PROG; androsterone; 5α-androstane-3β,17β-diol; 5α-androstane-3β17β-diol glucuronide; epi-androsterone sulfate; estrone; UDT-glucuronosyl transferase; 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol glucuronide; androgen receptor; estrogen sulfotransferase type 1; type n 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase; 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase; 5α-reductase; type n 5α-reductase; 17-hydroxyprogesterone; steroid sulfotransferase; dehydroepiandrosterone; 5-androstene-3β,17β-diol; 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase; 17-hydroxypregnenolone; selective androgen receptor modulator; type n 17β- hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase; P450 side chain cleavage (P450scc); 17α-hydroxylase/17–20 lyase (P450c17); phenol sulfotransferase type 3; dehydroepiandroserone sulfate; progesterone; P450 21-hydroxylase (P450c21); cholesterol sulfate; 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase; 4-androstenedione; epi-androsterone; aromatase; estrogen receptor; estrone sulfate; androsterone glucuronide; pregnenolone; 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol
• ISSN: 0960-0760; 1879-1220
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.05.017

•Clarification of steroidogenesis in endocrine glands and steroidogenesis in peripheral intracrine tissues.•Pathways of dihydrotestosterone and estradiol biosynthesis that do not require testosterone as intermediate.•Importance of kinetic constants in establishing steroidogenic pathways.•The role of CYP17A1 in the production of DHEA and back-door pathways of DHT biosynthesis is also analyzed. There is some confusion in the literature about steroidogenesis in endocrine glands and steroidogenesis in peripheral intracrine tissues. The objective of the present review is to bring some clarifications and better understanding about steroidogenesis in these two types of tissues. Concerns about substrate specificity, kinetic constants and place of enzymes in the pathway have been discussed. The role of 17α-hydroxylase/17–20 lyase (CYP17A1) in the production of dehydroepiandrosterone and back-door pathways of dihydrotestosterone biosynthesis is also analyzed. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled “Synthesis and biological testing of steroid derivatives as inhibitors”.