A comparison of mental activity during sleep onset and morning awakening

• Published in: Sleep (New York, N.Y.) Vol. 21; no. 5; pp. 462 - 470
• Main Authors: CICOGNA, P, NATALE, V, OCCHIONERO, M, BOSINELLI, M
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Rochester, MN American Academy of Sleep Medicine 01.08.1998
• Subjects: Adult; Behavioral psychophysiology; Biological and medical sciences; Circadian Rhythm; Dreams - physiology; Female; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Humans; Male; Memory - physiology; Mental Processes - physiology; Miscellaneous; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry; Psychology. Psychophysiology; Sleep, REM - physiology; Wakefulness - physiology; Human; Dream; Vigilance; Sleep stage; Sleep; Electrophysiology; Awakening; Asleeping; Cognition; Polysomnography; Mental activity; Comparative study
• ISSN: 0161-8105; 1550-9109
• DOI: 10.1093/sleep/21.5.462

The aims of the experiment were: (1) to establish the proportion of sleep stages in morning spontaneous awakening and to observe whether any stage-dependent differences can be found in the mentation reports; and (2) to compare the characteristics of mental activity during sleep onset (SO) and during the latest sleep period. One hundred forty-four dream reports and their association reports were collected from 36 subjects in a lab experimental design. Dream reports were analyzed as to structure (length, narrative continuity), content (self, setting, lab references, nonself characters, dimensional distortions, body feelings, bizarreness and emotions), and awareness (reality testing). Associations were classified as episodic, abstract self-referred, and semantic memories. The morning awakenings results were not affected by the stage of sleep during which dreaming occurs. SO reports prevalently show a lifelike nature, while sleep-offset reports are prevalently dreamlike. On the other hand, there seems to be a similar availability of mnemonic systems in the two sleep conditions.