Skin sensitization quantitative risk assessment for occupational exposure of hairdressers to hair dye ingredients

• Published in: Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology Vol. 95; pp. 124 - 132
• Main Authors: Goebel, Carsten, Diepgen, Thomas L., Blömeke, Brunhilde, Gaspari, Anthony A., Schnuch, Axel, Fuchs, Anne, Schlotmann, Kordula, Krasteva, Maya, Kimber, Ian
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier Inc 01.06.2018
• Subjects: Allergic contact dermatitis; Hair dye allergy; Hairdresser; Occupational exposure; p-Phenylenediamine; Quantitative risk assessment; Resorcinol; Skin sensitization; Toluene-2,5-diamine; p-Phenylenediamine; PTD; QRA; Skin sensitization; PPD; Quantitative risk assessment; Occupational exposure; WoE; Resorcinol; DK-EPA; LLNA; SC; OECD; EC3; IVDK; Hairdresser; HSE; Toluene-2,5-diamine; WHO; ACD; Allergic contact dermatitis; EU-OSHA; SCCS; ECETOC; EU; BAuA; IKW; NESIL; MEL; ECHA; Hair dye allergy; SAF
• ISSN: 0273-2300; 1096-0295
• DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2018.03.006

Occupational exposure of hairdressers to hair dyes has been associated with the development of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) involving the hands. p-Phenylenediamine (PPD) and toluene-2,5-diamine (PTD) have been implicated as important occupational contact allergens. To conduct a quantitative risk assessment for the induction of contact sensitization to hair dyes in hairdressers, available data from hand rinsing studies following typical occupational exposure conditions to PPD, PTD and resorcinol were assessed. By accounting for wet work, uneven exposure and inter-individual variability for professionals, daily hand exposure concentrations were derived. Secondly, daily hand exposure was compared with the sensitization induction potency of the individual hair dye defined as the No Expected Sensitization Induction Levels (NESIL). For PPD and PTD hairdresser hand exposure levels were 2.7 and 5.9 fold below the individual NESIL. In contrast, hand exposure to resorcinol was 50 fold below the NESIL. Correspondingly, the risk assessment for PPD and PTD indicates that contact sensitization may occur, when skin protection and skin care are not rigorously applied. We conclude that awareness of health risks associated with occupational exposure to hair dyes, and of the importance of adequate protective measures, should be emphasized more fully during hairdresser education and training. [Display omitted] •Occupational Quantitative-Risk-Assessment (QRA) approach for the induction of contact allergy to hair dyes in hairdressers•QRA uses two independent published sources of hairdresser occupational hand exposure to hair dyes•Considering hand size differences, uneven hand exposure during hair cutting following coloration and wet working conditions•Application to hair dyes PPD and 2,5-TDA indicates that sensitization may occur when hand protection is not rigorously used