Kangaroo endogenous retrovirus (KERV) forms megasatellite DNA with a simple repetition pattern in which the provirus structure is retained

The kangaroo endogenous retrovirus (KERV) was previously reported to have undergone a rapid copy number increase in the red-necked wallaby; however, the mode of amplification was left to be clarified. The present study revealed that the long terminal repeat (LTR) (0.6 kb) and internal region (2.0 kb...

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Published inVirology (New York, N.Y.) Vol. 586; pp. 56 - 66
Main Authors Koga, Akihiko, Nishihara, Hidenori, Tanabe, Hideyuki, Tanaka, Rieko, Kayano, Rika, Matsumoto, Shinya, Endo, Taiki, Srikulnath, Kornsorn, O'Neill, Rachel J.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Elsevier Inc 01.09.2023
Subjects
Amplification
Centromere
Elongation
Evolution
Homologous recombination
Host genome
Marsupial
Pairing slippage
Tandem duplication
Amplification
Host genome
Centromere
Marsupial
Homologous recombination
Tandem duplication
Evolution
Elongation
Pairing slippage
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Summary:The kangaroo endogenous retrovirus (KERV) was previously reported to have undergone a rapid copy number increase in the red-necked wallaby; however, the mode of amplification was left to be clarified. The present study revealed that the long terminal repeat (LTR) (0.6 kb) and internal region (2.0 kb) of a provirus are repeated alternately, forming megasatellite DNA which we named kervRep. This repetition pattern was the same as that observed for walbRep, megasatellite DNA originating from another endogenous retrovirus. Their formation process can be explained using a simple model: pairing slippage followed by homologous recombination. This model features that the initial step is triggered by the presence of two identical sequences within a short distance; the possession of LTRs by endogenous retroviruses fulfills this condition. The discovery of two cases suggests that formation of this type of satellite DNA is one of non-negligible effects of endogenous retroviruses on their host genomes. •Megasatellite DNA originating from an endogenous retrovirus.•Tandem duplications of a provirus sequence.•Expansion in the centromere regions of chromosomes.•Simple formation model based on the structure of endogenous retrovirus.
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ISSN:0042-6822
1096-0341
DOI:10.1016/j.virol.2023.07.005