Leiomyoma or sarcoma? MRI performance in the differential diagnosis of sonographically suspicious uterine masses

• Published in: European journal of radiology Vol. 170; p. 111217
• Main Authors: Valletta, Riccardo, Corato, Valentina, Lombardo, Fabio, Avesani, Giacomo, Negri, Giovanni, Steinkasserer, Martin, Tagliaferri, Tiziana, Bonatti, Matteo
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Ireland Elsevier B.V 01.01.2024
• Subjects: Leiomyoma; Leiomyosarcoma; MRI; Necrosis; Uterus; Leiomyoma; SD; Uterus; MRI; STUMPs; Leiomyosarcoma; ROC; SIR; Necrosis; AUC
• ISSN: 0720-048X; 1872-7727
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2023.111217

•Hyperintensity on DWI and presence of necrosis are significantly correlated with malignant/potentially malignant myometrial lesions.•Necrosis percentage and lesion/endometrium DWI signal intensity ratio may be calculated to increase specificity in discriminating between benign and malignant/potentially malignant myometrial lesions.•Contrast administration does not help in differentiating between benign and malignant/potentially malignant myometrial lesions but is helpful for assessing necrosis extent. To assess the diagnostic performance of MRI in distinguishing between leiomyomas and malignant/potentially malignant mesenchymal neoplasms in patients with rapidly enlarging/sonographically suspicious uterine masses. IRB-approved retrospective study including 88 patients (51 ± 11 years) who underwent MRI for rapidly enlarging/sonographically suspicious uterine mass at our Institution between January 2016 and December 2021, followed by surgery or >12 months follow-up. Qualitative image analysis was independently performed by 2 radiologists and included lesion’s margins (sharp/irregular), architecture (homogeneous/inhomogeneous), presence of endometrial infiltration (yes/no), necrotic areas (yes/no), hemorrhagic areas (yes/no), predominant signal intensity on T1-WI, T2-WI, CE T1-WI, DWI, and ADC map. The same radiologists performed quantitative image analysis in consensus, which included lesion’s maximum diameter, lesion/myometrium signal intensity ratio on T2-WI and CE T1-weighted images, lesion/endometrium signal intensity ratio on DWI and ADC map and necrosis percentage. Lesions were classified as benign or malignant. Imaging findings were compared with pathology and/or follow-up. After surgery (52/88 patients) or follow-up (36/88 patients, 33 ± 20 months), 83/88 (94.3%) lesions were classified as benign and 5/88 (5.7%) as malignant/potentially malignant. Presence of necrotic areas, high necrosis percentage, hyperintensity on DWI and high lesion/endometrium DWI signal intensity ratio were significantly associated with malignant/potentially malignant lesions (p = 0.027, 0.002, 0.008 and 0.015, respectively). The two readers identified malignant/potentially malignant lesions with 95.5% accuracy, 80.0% sensitivity, 96.4% specificity, 57.1 % PPV, 93.3% NPV. MRI has high accuracy in identifying malignant/potentially malignant myometrial masses. In everyday practice, however, MRI positive predictive value is relatively low given the low pre-test malignancy probability.