Cervical re-injection of indocyanine green to improve sentinel lymph node detection in endometrial cancer

• Published in: Gynecologic oncology Vol. 162; no. 1; pp. 38 - 42
• Main Authors: Maramai, M., Achilarre, M.T., Aloisi, A., Betella, I., Bogliolo, S., Garbi, A., Maruccio, M., Quatrale, C., Aletti, G.D., Mariani, A., Colombo, N., Maggioni, A., Multinu, F., Zanagnolo, V.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01.07.2021
• Subjects: Endometrial cancer; Endometrial Neoplasms - diagnosis; Endometrial Neoplasms - pathology; Endometrial Neoplasms - surgery; Female; Humans; Hysterectomy; Indocyanine green; Indocyanine Green - administration & dosage; Lymph Node Excision; Lymph Nodes - pathology; Lymph Nodes - surgery; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Staging; Re-injection; Retrospective Studies; Robotic Surgical Procedures; Salpingo-oophorectomy; Sentinel Lymph Node - pathology; Sentinel Lymph Node - surgery; Sentinel lymph node algorithm; Surgical staging; Re-injection; Indocyanine green; Endometrial cancer; Surgical staging; Sentinel lymph node algorithm
• ISSN: 0090-8258; 1095-6859
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2021.04.026

To evaluate the role of cervical re-injection of indocyanine green (ICG) to increase the detection rate of sentinel lymph node (SLN) in patients with endometrial cancer (EC) who underwent robotic-assisted surgical staging. We retrospectively identified consecutive EC patients undergoing robotic-assisted staging with SLN biopsy at our Institution between June 2016 and April 2020. Patients were excluded if they had open abdominal surgical approach, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and advanced stage [International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage III-IV] at diagnosis. According to our SLN protocol, in case of either unilateral or no SLN detection, we performed an ipsilateral or bilateral cervical re-injection of ICG. In total, 251 patients meeting inclusion criteria were included in the analysis. At first injection, bilateral detection was achieved in 184 (73.3%), unilateral detection in 57 (22.7%), and no detection in 10 (4.0%) patients. Cervical re-injection was performed in 51 of 67 patients with failed bilateral mapping. After cervical re-injection, bilateral detection rate increased to 94.5% (222/235), while unilateral and no detection were 5.1% (12/235) and 0.4% (1/235), respectively. Our results suggest that cervical re-injection of ICG, in case of failed bilateral mapping of SLN, brings about a significant improvement in SLN detection rates, therefore reducing the number of side-specific required lymphadenectomies. •Cervical re-injection of ICG increases the detection rate of sentinel lymph nodes in endometrial cancer.•Compared to a single injection, re-injection allows a reduction in the number of performed side-specific lymphadenectomies.•Compared with previous studies, re-injection was not associated with an increase of ‘empty nodes’.