Role of microRNA in forming breast carcinoma

• Published in: Life sciences (1973) Vol. 259; p. 118256
• Main Authors: Saikia, Momi, Paul, Sunanda, Chakraborty, Supriyo
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Elsevier Inc 15.10.2020; Elsevier BV
• Subjects: Apoptosis; Biomarkers; Biosynthesis; Breast cancer; Breast carcinoma; Cancer; Carcinoma; Cell cycle; Cell growth; Cell proliferation; DNA-directed RNA polymerase; Gene expression; MicroRNAs; miRNA; Oncogenic miRNAs; Proteins; Ribonucleic acid; RNA; RNA polymerase; RNA polymerase II; Suppressors; Transcription; Tumor suppressor genes; Tumor suppressor miRNAs; Tumorigenesis; Tumors; Breast cancer; Carcinoma; Tumor suppressor miRNAs; Oncogenic miRNAs; Cell cycle
• ISSN: 0024-3205; 1879-0631
• DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118256

MicroRNA (miRNA) is a regulatory molecule which supervises various processes and gene expression. RNA polymerase II enzyme regulates miRNA gene transcription whereas miRNA biogenesis includes various proteins or enzymes. Starting from cell proliferation, cell cycle regulation and apoptosis are regulated by alteration in cancerous cells. Aberrant cell proliferation takes place and apoptosis is usually inhibited by oncogenic miRNA. The miRNA can be oncogenic or tumor suppressor in nature and their functions are opposite to each other. During tumorigenesis, the upregulation of oncogenic miRNA is mainly observed along with downregulation of tumor suppressors. The miRNA can degrade the target mRNA by using a slicer named argonaute protein (Ago) or by inhibiting the translation process. The miRNA may positively or negatively regulate the formation of tumor in breast by interfering with cellular activities. Thus, miRNA can be significantly used as a biomarker for monitoring breast cancer. In therapeutic intervention, the delivery of tumor suppressor miRNAs in a cancer patient can help in recovering from cancer. Different miRNAs regulate positively or negatively in these therapies. This review is mainly focused on the role of miRNA in breast carcinoma, its mechanisms and different therapies. It also includes miRNA biogenesis and different miRNAs involved in breast cancer. Figure: Role of miRNAs in forming carcinoma. In cancer, tumor suppressor miRNAs get downregulated, whereas, oncogenic miRNAs get overexpressed. Due to overexpression of oncogenic miRNAs tumor cells proliferate rapidly, lose its adhesiveness and then migrate to different parts of the body through lymphatic system [Display omitted] •Breast cancer is the most common carcinoma among females throughout the world.•In breast cancer, miRNAs act by upregulating/downregulating cellular processes.•Functions of ts-miRNAs and onco-miRNAs associated with breast cancer are discussed.