Micropropagation, Characterization, and Conservation of Phytophthora cinnamomi-Tolerant Holm Oak Mature Trees

• Published in: Forests Vol. 12; no. 12; p. 1634
• Main Authors: Martínez, Mª Teresa, Arrillaga, Isabel, Sales, Ester, Pérez-Oliver, María Amparo, González-Mas, Mª del Carmen, Corredoira, Elena
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01.12.2021
• Subjects: Acetic acid; axillary budding; Biosynthesis; Budding; Cold storage; Conservation; Decline; Disease; disease-tolerant trees; dual cultures; Embryonic growth stage; Gene expression; Genotypes; Germplasm; Growth regulators; in vitro conservation; Indoleacetic acid; Micropropagation; Mycelia; Naphthalene; Oak; oak decline; Pathogens; Phenols; Phytophthora cinnamomi; Plant growth; Rooting; Shoots; Somatic embryogenesis; Trees; Spain
• ISSN: 1999-4907; 1999-4907
• DOI: 10.3390/f12121634

Holm oak populations have deteriorated drastically due to oak decline syndrome. The first objective of the present study was to investigate the use of axillary budding and somatic embryogenesis (SE) to propagate asymptomatic holm oak genotypes identified in disease hotspots in Spain. Axillary budding was achieved in two out of six tolerant genotypes from the south-western region and in two out of four genotypes from the Mediterranean region. Rooting of shoots cultured on medium supplemented with 3 mg L−1 of indole-3-acetic acid plus 0.1 mg L−1 α-naphthalene acetic acid was achieved, with rates ranging from 8 to 36%. Shoot cultures remained viable after cold storage for 9–12 months; this procedure is therefore suitable for medium-term conservation of holm oak germplasm. SE was induced in two out of the three genotypes tested, by using nodes and shoot tips cultured in medium without plant growth regulators. In vitro cloned progenies of the tolerant genotypes PL-T2 and VA5 inhibited growth of Phytophthora cinnamomi mycelia when exposed to the oomycete in vitro. Significant differences in total phenol contents and in the expression profiles of genes regulating phenylpropanoid biosynthesis were observed between in vitro cultured shoots derived from tolerant trees and cultures established from control genotypes.