Effects of Extended-Wear Soft Contact Lenses on the Ocular Surface and Central Corneal Thickness

• Published in: Ophthalmologica (Basel) Vol. 217; no. 5; pp. 329 - 336
• Main Authors: Gürdal, Canan, Aydin, Sevda, Kirimlioğlu, Hale, Toprak, Ebru, Şengör, Tomris
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel, Switzerland Karger 01.09.2003; S. Karger AG
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Biological and medical sciences; Conjunctival Diseases - diagnosis; Conjunctival Diseases - etiology; Contact Lenses, Extended-Wear - adverse effects; Cornea - metabolism; Cornea - pathology; Corneal Edema - diagnosis; Corneal Edema - etiology; Diseases of the eye; Epithelial Cells - pathology; Female; Humans; Male; Medical sciences; Metaplasia; Original Paper; Oxygen - metabolism; Permeability; Radiotherapy. Instrumental treatment. Physiotherapy. Reeducation. Rehabilitation, orthophony, crenotherapy. Diet therapy and various other treatments (general aspects); Tears - secretion; Visual Acuity; Extended-wear contact lenses; Impression cytology; Pachometer; Mapping technique; Human; Cornea; Iatrogenic; Ocular; Extended wear; Contact lens; Cytology; Instrumentation therapy; Keratopathy; Surface; Thickness; Gas permeability; Eye disease; Complication
• ISSN: 0030-3755; 1423-0267
• DOI: 10.1159/000071347

Purpose: New contact lens materials with high oxygen permeability are said to be convenient for the extended-wear (EW) schedule. We evaluated the short-term effect of EW soft contact lens usage on ocular surface and central corneal thickness. Patients and Methods: Fifty-two eyes of 26 patients were included in the study. Sixteen of the patients used the high oxygen-permeable lenses for a 30-day extended-wear schedule (group I). Ten patients used the lenses on a daily wear basis (DW, group II). All patients were evaluated for visual acuity and central corneal thickness by corneal and conjunctival biomicroscopy, Schirmer and tear break-up time (BUT) tests. Impression cytology was performed in the superior/temporal, inferior/nasal quadrants of the conjunctiva, 1 mm from the limbus, with cellulose acetate filter paper. The specimens were graded under light microscopy according to Nelson’s classification. Results: Three patients in the EW group were excluded from the study as they discontinued lens usage due to slight discomfort and hyperemia. Biomicroscopic findings and tear function tests indicated no increased pathological results. Central corneal thickness decreased from 554 ± 9.55 to 546 ± 9.30 µm (mean ± SEM) in the EW group (p = 0.002), whereas no significant change occurred in the DW group. Cytological evaluation of the EW group showed an 88% increase in metaplasia (p = 0.007), especially close to the limbal areas and in the superior quadrants; this ratio was 30% in the DW group. Snake-like chromatin changes were found to be increased, from 4 to 6 patients, in the EW group while it remained the same in the DW group (p > 0.05). Individual comparisons of the initial and final pathological conditions of the ocular surfaces in the two groups showed that there was an increase in pathology in the EW group while there was no significant difference in the DW group. Conclusions: On a 30-day extended-wear basis with high oxygen-permeable lenses, the possible development and increase of conjunctival cytologic changes secondary to mechanical trauma is one of the main remaining problems. Conjunctival and related immunologic pathologies should not be overlooked when prescribing an extended-wear lens schedule.