Assessing Biofungicides and Host Resistance against Rhizoctonia Large Patch in Zoysiagrass

• Published in: Pathogens (Basel) Vol. 13; no. 10; p. 864
• Main Authors: Ghimire, Bikash, Orellana, Rolando, Chowdhury, Shukti R, Vermeer, Christopher Brian, Patel, Paige, Raymer, Paul, Milla-Lewis, Susana, Buck, James W, Martinez-Espinoza, Alfredo D, Bahri, Bochra A
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 02.10.2024; MDPI
• Subjects: Bacillus subtilis QST713; biofungicide; Book publishing; Chambers; Cultivars; Dehydrogenases; Disease control; Disease management; Disease resistance; Effectiveness; Fungicides; Genomes; Genotypes; Growth chambers; In vitro methods and tests; Medical research; Medicine, Experimental; Pathogens; Pesticides; Plant breeding; Plant resistance; Propiconazole; Rhizoctonia; Rhizoctonia large patch; Rhizoctonia solani AG2-2 LP; Temperature; Turf; Turfgrasses; zoysiagrass; United States; United States > US; Rhizoctonia solani AG2-2 LP; zoysiagrass; host resistance; Rhizoctonia large patch; Bacillus subtilis QST713; biofungicide; propiconazole; integrated disease management
• ISSN: 2076-0817; 2076-0817
• DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13100864

Rhizoctonia large patch ( AG2-2 LP) significantly reduces turfgrass quality, aesthetics, and playability. Synthetic fungicides are commonly used for managing this disease, but they present high costs, potential for fungicide resistance, and environmental concerns. We conducted in vitro assays to test the effectiveness of three biofungicides, seven synthetic fungicides, and ten combinations against . We then assessed seven spray programs that included QST713 and propiconazole, either alone or tank-mixed, on zoysiagrass 'El Toro' in a growth chamber and in field trials. Biofungicide QST713 reduced pathogen growth by up to 100% in vitro. QST713 alone or combined with synthetic fungicides and/or in rotation was as effective as the standalone synthetic fungicide, reducing disease severity and AUDPC by 81 and 77% (growth chamber) and by 71 and 52% (field), respectively, while maintaining acceptable turfgrass quality. Additionally, we screened zoysiagrass genotypes and advanced breeding lines against three isolates in growth chamber studies. Five genotypes and two breeding lines demonstrated resistance to Rhizoctonia large patch across isolates, highlighting their potential for developing disease-resistant cultivars. Our findings suggest that integrating biofungicides, resistant cultivars with chemical controls offer sustainable and effective strategies for managing Rhizoctonia large patch.