The role of Trithorax family regulating osteogenic and Chondrogenic differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells

• Published in: Cell proliferation Vol. 55; no. 5; pp. e13233 - n/a
• Main Authors: Ma, Qingge, Song, Chenghao, Yin, Bei, Shi, Yu, Ye, Ling
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.05.2022; John Wiley and Sons Inc
• Subjects: Biomedical materials; Bone growth; Cartilage; Cell Differentiation; Chondrogenesis; Chromatin; Differentiation (biology); DNA methylation; Epigenesis, Genetic; Epigenetics; Experiments; Gene expression; Gene regulation; Histones; Insects; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Osteogenesis - genetics; Proteins; Regeneration; Review; Reviews; Roles; Stem cells; Stromal cells; Transcription factors
• ISSN: 0960-7722; 1365-2184
• DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13233

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) hold great promise and clinical efficacy in bone/cartilage regeneration. With a deeper understanding of stem cell biology over the past decade, epigenetics stands out as one of the most promising ways to control MSCs differentiation. Trithorax group (TrxG) proteins, including the COMPASS family, ASH1L, CBP/p300 as histone modifying factors, and the SWI/SNF complexes as chromatin remodelers, play an important role in gene expression regulation during the process of stem cell differentiation. This review summarises the components and functions of TrxG complexes. We provide an overview of the regulation mechanisms of TrxG in MSCs osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation, and discuss the prospects of epigenetic regulation mediated by TrxG in bone and cartilage regeneration. TrxG family is one of the most important mechanisms for gene expression activation in epigenetics. The COMPASS family, ASH1L, and CBP/p300 are associated with histone methylation and acetylation activities. The SWI/SNF complexes have ATP‐dependent chromatin remodelling activities. By targeting differentiation‐related key genes such as RUNX2, OSX, DLX3, and SOX9, these TrxG proteins play a prominent role in the epigenetic regulation of osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation.