Constraining cosmological parameters from N-body simulations with variational Bayesian neural networks

• Published in: Frontiers in astronomy and space sciences Vol. 10
• Main Authors: Hortúa, Héctor J., García, Luz Ángela, Castañeda C., Leonardo
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Frontiers Media S.A 27.06.2023
• Subjects: artificial intelligence; cosmology; deep neural networks; N-body simulations; parameter estimation
• ISSN: 2296-987X; 2296-987X
• DOI: 10.3389/fspas.2023.1139120

Introduction: Methods based on deep learning have recently been applied to recover astrophysical parameters, thanks to the ability of these techniques to capture information from complex data. One of these schemes is the approximate Bayesian neural network (BNN), which has demonstrated to yield a posterior distribution into the parameter space that is extremely helpful for uncertainty quantification. However, modern neural networks tend to produce overly confident uncertainty estimates and introduce bias when applying BNNs to data. Method: In this work, we implement multiplicative normalizing flows (MNFs), a family of approximate posteriors for the parameters of BNNs with the purpose of enhancing the flexibility of the variational posterior distribution, to extract Ω m , h , and σ 8 from the QUIJOTE simulations. We compared the latter method with the standard BNNs and the Flipout estimator. Results: We have found that the use of MNFs consistently outperforms the standard BNNs with a percent difference in the mean squared error of 21%, in addition to high-accuracy extraction of σ 8 ( r 2 = 0.99), with precise and consistent uncertainty estimates. Discussions: These findings imply that MNFs provide a more realistic predictive distribution closer to the true posterior, mitigating the bias introduced by the variational approximation and allowing us to work with well-calibrated networks.