Phosphorylation of 5-LOX: The Potential Set-point of Inflammation

Inflammation secondary to tissue injuries serves as a double-edged sword that determines the prognosis of tissue repair. As one of the most important enzymes controlling the inflammation process by producing leukotrienes, 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX, also called 5-LO) has been one of the therapeutic targe...

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Published inNeurochemical research Vol. 45; no. 10; pp. 2245 - 2257
Main Authors He, Zonglin, Tao, Di, Xiong, Jiaming, Lou, Fangfang, Zhang, Jiayuan, Chen, Jinxia, Dai, Weixi, Sun, Jing, Wang, Yuechun
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published New York Springer US 01.10.2020
Subjects
Biochemistry
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Cell Biology
Neurochemistry
Neurology
Neurosciences
Review
Arachidonate
Phosphorylation
Inflammation
Leukotrienes
5-Lipoxygenase
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Summary:Inflammation secondary to tissue injuries serves as a double-edged sword that determines the prognosis of tissue repair. As one of the most important enzymes controlling the inflammation process by producing leukotrienes, 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX, also called 5-LO) has been one of the therapeutic targets in regulating inflammation for a long time. Although a large number of 5-LOX inhibitors have been explored, only a few of them can be applied clinically. Surprisingly, phosphorylation of 5-LOX reveals great significance in regulating the subcellular localization of 5-LOX, which has proven to be an important mechanism underlying the enzymatic activities of 5-LOX. There are at least three phosphorylation sites in 5-LOX jointly to determine the final inflammatory outcomes, and adjustment of phosphorylation of 5-LOX at different phosphorylation sites brings hope to provide an unrecognized means to regulate inflammation. The present review intends to shed more lights into the set-point-like mechanisms of phosphorylation of 5-LOX and its possible clinical application by summarizing the biological properties of 5-LOX, the relationship of 5-LOX with neurodegenerative diseases and brain injuries, the phosphorylation of 5-LOX at different sites, the regulatory effects and mechanisms of phosphorylated 5-LOX upon inflammation, as well as the potential anti-inflammatory application through balancing the phosphorylation-depended set-point.
ISSN:0364-3190
1573-6903
DOI:10.1007/s11064-020-03090-3