COCKPIT-PLUS: A proposed method for rapid groundwater vulnerability-driven land use zoning in tropical cockpit karst areas

• Published in: Geography and sustainability Vol. 4; no. 4; pp. 305 - 317
• Main Authors: Haryono, Eko, Kholis, Afid Nur, Widyastuti, Margaretha, Cahyadi, Ahmad, Pradipa, Hanindha, Adji, Tjahyo Nugroho
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier B.V 01.12.2023; Karst Research Group, Faculty of Geography, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia; Elsevier
• Subjects: Cockpit karst; Karst aquifer; Karst vulnerability; Land use planning; Rapid assessment; Karst vulnerability; Cockpit karst; Land use planning; Karst aquifer; Rapid assessment
• ISSN: 2666-6839; 2096-7438; 2666-6839
• DOI: 10.1016/j.geosus.2023.07.002

•This research presents a new approach by addressing the distinct features of cockpit karst.•The method addresses the limited field observation by employing remote sensing and GIS.•The paper proposes regional land use planning based on the source – pathway – target concept.•COCKPIT-PLUS is a viable approach for rapid land use planning with a limited dataset. Karst groundwater is highly vulnerable to contamination, which urges better land use zoning. This paper proposes a new approach, called COCKPIT-PLUS, to minimize groundwater contamination within cockpit karst regions. The method employed four parameters: P (the existence of ponor/swallow hole), L (lineament density), U (sinking stream to an underground river), and S (distance to spring/pumping site). These parameters are essential for identifying contaminant pathways and transport from the surface to the karst groundwater/springs. COCKPIT-PLUS has been developed and validated in the Gunungsewu karst in Java, Indonesia. This research considers a cockpit as a single hydrological unit that uniquely recharges karst groundwater. We analyzed 2,811 cockpits and 81 other closed depressions to develop a land use planning map. The research used the time to first arrival (Ta), time to peak (Tp), and Qmax/min ratio parameters of two karst springs and two underground pumping sites for validation. Cockpits with ponors/swallow holes, sinking streams, high lineament density, and short distances to springs are vulnerable to groundwater and thus must be restricted areas for any land uses. The findings show that though the COCKPIT-PLUS uses a limited karst dataset, the proposed method seems reliable enough for a rapid land-use zoning approach in cockpit karst areas. [Display omitted]