Radar-Assisted Predictive Beamforming for Vehicular Links: Communication Served by Sensing

• Published in: IEEE transactions on wireless communications Vol. 19; no. 11; pp. 7704 - 7719
• Main Authors: Liu, Fan, Yuan, Weijie, Masouros, Christos, Yuan, Jinhong
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York IEEE 01.11.2020; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: Antenna arrays; Array signal processing; beam alignment; Beamforming; Communication; Downlink; Kalman filtering; Kalman filters; power allocation; Radar; Radar tracking; radar-communication; Resource management; Roadsides; Sensors; Tracking; V2X; Vehicles
• ISSN: 1536-1276; 1558-2248
• DOI: 10.1109/TWC.2020.3015735

In vehicular networks of the future, sensing and communication functionalities will be intertwined. In this article, we investigate a radar-assisted predictive beamforming design for vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication by exploiting the dual-functional radar-communication (DFRC) technique. Aiming for realizing joint sensing and communication functionalities at road side units (RSUs), we present a novel extended Kalman filtering (EKF) framework to track and predict kinematic parameters of each vehicle. By exploiting the radar functionality of the RSU we show that the communication beam tracking overheads can be drastically reduced. To improve the sensing accuracy while guaranteeing the downlink communication sum-rate, we further propose a power allocation scheme for multiple vehicles. Numerical results have shown that the proposed DFRC based beam tracking approach significantly outperforms the communication-only feedback based technique in the tracking performance. Furthermore, the designed power allocation method is able to achieve a favorable performance trade-off between sensing and communication.