Modeling of Sulfur and Iron Dynamics in Enclosed Bay Sediments and Evaluation of the Suppression Effect on Sulfide Release by Iron

• Published in: Water (Basel) Vol. 15; no. 13; p. 2366
• Main Authors: Mochida, Fumika, Miyatsuji, Takashi, Nakamura, Yoshiyuki, Inoue, Tetsunori
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01.07.2023
• Subjects: Additives; Anoxic conditions; Bottom water; Decomposition; Eutrophic environments; Eutrophic waters; Eutrophication; Experiments; Fisheries; Hydrogen sulfide; Iron; Nitrogen; Plankton; Seawater; sediment model; Sediments; Sediments (Geology); semi-enclosed bay; Sulfate reduction; Sulfides; Sulfur; sulfur and iron cycles; Japan
• ISSN: 2073-4441; 2073-4441
• DOI: 10.3390/w15132366

In eutrophic waters, such as Mikawa Bay, Japan, anoxic bottom water develops in summer. This causes H2S release into seawater due to sulfate reduction in the sediment, leading to environmental problems. The addition of Fe to sediments is a method used to improve the sediment environment. However, this method, which was devised from a natural mechanism, has not yet been quantitatively evaluated. In this study, we aim to quantitatively evaluate the suppressive effect of Fe on H2S release. First, we developed a sediment model that focuses on S and Fe. We then attempted to reproduce the observations and experiments on H2S dynamics using the model. Consequently, the proposed model was able to reproduce field S and Fe dynamics in sediments even under anoxic conditions. Additionally, the model could describe the difference in H2S release depending on the amount, type, and time of iron-based additives. Finally, we conducted predictive calculations for one year assuming 637 g/m2 of iron materials, and quantitatively evaluated the effects of adding iron materials to the sediments in terms of S and Fe cycles. We found iron-based additives suppressed H2S release by 14 mmol/m2/d compared to the case without additives.