Locational Marginal Pricing: A Fundamental Reconsideration

• Published in: IEEE open access journal of power and energy Vol. 11; pp. 104 - 116
• Main Author: Tesfatsion, Leigh
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York IEEE 2024; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: Costs; Dams; Energy measurement; Error analysis; grid-supported power markets as flexibility-support insurance mechanisms; Just in time; Locational marginal pricing; many-to-one benefit/cost measurement error; Marginal pricing; nodal multi-interval pricing mechanisms; Operators (mathematics); Optimization; Power markets; Pricing; Schedules; System reliability; US RTO/ISO-managed wholesale power markets; volumetric grid risk
• ISSN: 2687-7910; 2687-7910; 2644-1314
• DOI: 10.1109/OAJPE.2024.3361751

This study establishes that Locational Marginal Pricing (LMP) is conceptually problematic for grid-supported centrally-managed wholesale power markets transitioning to decarbonized grid operations with increasingly diverse participants, hence with increasingly uncertain and volatile net loads. LMP assigns a common per-unit price LMP(b,T) (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">{\}</tex-math></inline-formula>/MWh) to each next unit (MWh) of grid-delivered energy, conditional on delivery location b and delivery period T. However, this entails a serious many-to-one benefit/cost measurement error: namely, the valuation of this next unit by a market participant or system operator will typically depend strongly on the dynamic attributes of the path of power injections and/or withdrawals (MW) used to implement its delivery at b during T. One option is to muddle through, forcing market participants and system operators to express benefit/cost valuations for next units of grid-delivered energy in per-unit form without regard for the true benefits and costs of flexible power delivery. Another option, advocated in this study, is to explore conceptually-coherent nodal multi-interval pricing mechanisms permitting grids to function efficiently as flexibility-support insurance mechanisms, i.e., as mechanisms enabling just-in-time nodal power deliveries to meet just-in-time nodal power demands as well as system reliability requirements.