Water Temperature Changes Related to Strong Earthquakes: The Case of the Jinjia Well, Southwest China

• Published in: Water (Basel) Vol. 15; no. 16; p. 2905
• Main Authors: Yang, Zhuzhuan, Chen, Shunyun, Liu, Qiongying, Chen, Lichun
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01.08.2023
• Subjects: 2008 AD; China; coseismic change; earthquake; Earthquakes; Groundwater; Jinjia well; preseismic change; Sediments; seismic energy density; Seismology; Sensors; Water temperature; China; Tibetan Plateau; Japan
• ISSN: 2073-4441; 2073-4441
• DOI: 10.3390/w15162905

Systematic measurements of water temperature are lacking but useful in understanding the relationship between water temperature and earthquakes. Based on the water temperature data, geological structure, borehole structure, and temperature gradient in the Jinjia well, Southwest China, we systematically analysed the water temperature changes related to earthquakes. The water temperature of the Jinjia well recorded the coseismic changes caused by the Wenchuan M7.9 and Panzhihua M6.1 earthquakes in 2008. We also found abnormal changes in the water temperature, after which moderate to strong earthquakes occurred in the surrounding region. The preseismic abnormal changes of the Jinjia well were rising-recovery (rising to a high value and continuing for a period of time before decreasing or quickly recovering), with the range of 0.007–0.07 °C. The maximum change (0.07 °C) occurred before the M7.9 Wenchuan earthquake in 2008. According to the Molchan error diagram, the most likely time for an earthquake to occur is within approximately 4 months after the water temperature exceeds the threshold temperature. In the Jinjia well, the installation depth of the temperature sensor affected the correlation between the temperature changes and earthquakes with a seismic energy density above 10−3 J·m−3. The shorter the distance between the sensor and the fault, the higher the probability of water temperature changes related to earthquakes.