The effect of physical activity in leisure time on neck and upper limb symptoms

• Published in: Preventive medicine Vol. 41; no. 1; pp. 260 - 267
• Main Authors: van den Heuvel, S.G., Heinrich, J., Jans, M.P., van der Beek, A.J., Bongers, P.M.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01.07.2005
• Subjects: Age Distribution; Cohort Studies; Cohort study; Commuting; Confidence Intervals; Exercise - physiology; Female; Follow-Up Studies; GEE model; Humans; Leisure Activities; Male; Musculoskeletal Diseases - epidemiology; Musculoskeletal Diseases - prevention & control; Musculoskeletal Diseases - rehabilitation; Neck - physiopathology; Odds Ratio; Pain - epidemiology; Pain - prevention & control; Pain - rehabilitation; Pain Measurement; Physical Fitness - physiology; Probability; Prospective Studies; Quality of Life; Risk Factors; Sex Distribution; Sickness Impact Profile; Sports; Time Factors; Upper Extremity - physiopathology; GEE model; Commuting; Cohort study; Sports
• ISSN: 0091-7435; 1096-0260
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.11.006

Little is known of the preventive effects of physical activity in leisure time on neck and upper limb symptoms. A cohort of 1742 employees was selected from a prospective cohort study with a follow-up period of 3 years. Independent variables were sporting activities and physically active commuting. Outcome measures were neck/shoulder symptoms and elbow/wrist/hand symptoms as well as sickness absence due to these symptoms. To analyze the data, the generalized estimating equation (GEE) method was used, with adjustment for individual characteristics, such as age, gender, lifestyle, and the outcome at baseline. Practicing sports for at least 10 months a year decreased the risk of neck/shoulder symptoms (OR: 0.82; CI: 0.67–0.99), sickness absence (OR: 0.48; CI: 0.28–0.84), and long-term sickness absence (OR: 0.37; CI: 0.17–0.84) due to neck or upper limb symptoms. A high mean intensity (≥3 h per week) of sporting activities had less effect than the continuation of these activities throughout the year. Sustained sporting activities have a favorable effect on neck/shoulder symptoms and on sickness absence due to neck or upper limb symptoms. An effect of physically active commuting could not be demonstrated, although there was a tendency towards a favorable effect on sickness absence.